Cloquintocet

Chloroacetic acid benazolin, cloquintocet, cloxyfonac, 4 CPA, cymoxanil, 2,4 D, diethatyl, fenchlorazole, flumioxazin, fluoroglycofen, fluroxypyr, glyphosate, indol 3 yl acetic acid, MCPA, naphthoxy acetic acid, naphthylacetamide, naphthyloxy acetic acid, 2 naphthyloxy acetic acid, 2.4.5 T, triazamate, see chloro acetylchloride... 

Glycerine cloquintocet, diofenolan, 8 hydroxy quinoline sulfate... 

QUINOLINES cloquintocet ethoxyquin 8 hydroxy quinoline imazaquin (imidazolidinone) oxine-copper oxolinic acid pyroquilon quinclorac... 

Figure 3. Dose-response curve highlighting safener efficacy and selectivity margin of the specific pinoxaden plus cloquintocet-mexyl combination (—) in contrast to treatments without safener ( -).

Pinoxaden, Axial , Adigor , Cloquintocet-mexyl, Discovery, Structure-Activity Relationship, Herbicide, Grass Weed Control, Graminicide, Postemergence, Cereals, Wheat, Barley... 

Cloquintocet-mexyl was developed under the code CGA 185072 by Ciba-Geigy (now Syngenta) and is used post-emergence in cereals. The basic patent (EP 94349) has a priority date of 7 May 1982. Various other country patents followed (e.g., US4902340 and US 5102445). It was first reported in 1989 [13] alongside the ACCase inhibitor clodinafop-propargyl, and till now the main use of... 

Cloquintocet-mexyl has a favorable toxicological profile (Table 5.6). 

In the soil cloquintocet-mexyl degrades rapidly to the free acid (DT50 < 3 days) with further degradation and mineralization within weeks or a few months. The parent safener and major metabolites are reported to bind strongly to soil and hence have low leaching potential. 

In an uptake experiment, over 90% of the radiolabeled pinoxaden was incorporated into the crops within 5 h when treatment solutions were applied in droplets to the adaxial leaf surface of two-leaved plants of barley, winter wheat or durum wheat. After 24 h, about 20% is translocated out of the treated leaf by basipetal movement below the treated area [87]. Cloquintocet does not affect the absorption or the movement of the herbicide within the crop. 

The effect of the safener cloquintocet-mexyl on the biokinetics and metabolism of pinoxaden in barley, winter and durum wheats, Avena fatua and Lolium rigidum was studied with the radiolabeled herbidde [89]. Safening is achieved by enhancing the metabolism of pinoxaden within the crop (Table 9.7). 

The safener mainly triggers the hydroxylation of the methyl group of NOA 407854 to SYN 505164 in all cereal crops, but does not seem to affect the hydroxylation of the dione to NOA 447204. Cloquintocet has no relevant effect on the metabolism of pinoxaden in the grass weed Lolium rigidum or in Avenafatua. 

Table 9.7 Pinoxaden was applied at a rate equivalent to 90 g ha with the adjuvant A12127 used at 0.5%. Leaves treated with 20 x 0.2 mL droplets containing " C-labeled pinoxaden at 4000 dps. Treatments were made up with or without cloquintocet-mexyl (S) added at 25% the rate of the herbicide (H). Barley cv Manitou), Winter wheat (ci Soisson), Durum wheat cv Colossea).

NOTE The safeners cloquintocet-mexyl and fluxofenim are included for comparison purposes. 

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