Clogging constant

Form of general filtration equation Equation (2.54) and clogging constant... 

The precipitate that forms during ozonolysis sometimes impedes stirring, and in some cases it may be necessary to dilute the slurry with another 100 ml. of methanol after the first hour. Solid can also clog the gas-dispersion tube. The submitters scraped the fritted-glass tip occasionally to maintain a constant flow rate, whereas the checkers prepared a more dilute solution of nitronate anion (Note 3). 

The figure illustration shows occurrence of clogging by plotting data from an observation well (OW) and compare that to the production well (PW). In this case the production well shows a decreased specific capacity while the observation well shows a steady level versus time. The only explanation is then that the resistance for water to enter the production well is increasing. The increased resistance will lower the drawdown inside the well, while the groundwater table outside the well is kept constant. This will increase the hydraulic gradient (the driving force) between the well and the aquifer and hence maintain a constant flow rate. 

To prevent from hydro-chemical clogging the systems should be designed so there is no entrance of air to the ground water loop. Hence, the loop should be perfectly air tight and constantly under pressure. 

The fluidized bed consists of a bed of activated carbon. The water flows upward through the bed in the vertical direction. The upward liquid velocity is sufficient to suspend the activated carbon so that the carbon does not have constant interparticle contact. At the top of the carbon there is a distinct interface between the carbon and the effluent water. The principal advantage of the fluidized bed is that waters with appreciable suspended solids content may be given adsorption treatment without clogging the bed, since the suspended solids pass through the bed and leave with the effluent. 

An important factor to keep in mind when designing reinjection wells or systems is that eventually they will have to be redeveloped. Reinjection wells and the redevelopment of these wells unfortunately follow the law of diminishing returns. Constant reinjection of coproduced groundwater without regular development results in irreversible clogging and ultimately the abandonment of the well. 

Coronary heart disease A type of heart disease caused by narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the heart, which needs a constant supply of oxygen and nutrients carried by the blood in the coronary arteries. When the coronary arteries become narrowed or clogged by fat and cholesterol deposits and cannot supply enough blood to the heart, CHD results. [NIH]... 

A wide-mouth delivery tube in the reaction flask is essential to prevent clogging, when a solid product is formed. Automatic stirring in the reaction flask may be used to advantage in certain instances. There is constant agitation, of course, as the gaseous decomposition products bubble through. 

The different injection rates explain the possibility of process control. This process would be stable at high conversions at constant nozzle operation. The reason for temporal clogging of the nozzle is the high solid content of the suspension and the coarse suspended calcium hydroxide. A cyclic cleaning of the nozzle has been used in later experiments. 

Methane decomposition experiments were conducted in a 5.0 ml fixed bed quartz microreactor using 0.3 g of catalysts. The catalysts were arranged within the reaction zone in several layers separated with ceramic wool to prevent clogging of the reactor due to produced carbon. The reactor temperature was maintained constant via a type K thermocouple and Love Controls microprocessor. The tubular reactor was made out of alumina and quartz tubings (I.D. 3-6 mm). 

The mode of fluid flow in the aerated zone may be changed by the hydraulic aspects of fluid waste disposal. Constant release of large amounts of fluids may cause a local rise in the hydraulic head. Coupled with chemical fluid-rock interactions, this may form new high-conducting conduits that can lead the contaminants directly into the saturated zone. In other cases, fine particles that come with the contaminating fluids can clog pores in the aerated zone and reduce through-flow. 

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