Agitator constant

The lacquer was agitated constantly until it was ready to be added to the granulator. This lacquer contained a 1 4 ratio of plastic-plasticizer to toluene... 

Based on my results, I believe the first determination would yield higher NaOCl simply because more care is put into one determination than the other, because as you titrate, the diluted bleach solution must be agitated constantly throughout the Na2S203 titration to notice color change. So, since the student is working simultaneously, he cannot be precise with the Na2S203 concentration he titrates into the flask. 

A series of runs was performed in which the acid addition rate was varied while holding the solution compositions and agitation constant Rvai, == 0.023, Rlcu s = 0.021, and 1000 RPM. The temperature was 25 C in all runs. Figure 5 shows that the purification factors were impacted by acid addition rate, and increased with the rate at which HCl was added to the system. The greatest effects are noticed below acid addition rates of about 5 g/min as the initial charge to the batch crystallizer was 150 g of solution, this corresponds to an addition rate of about 3.3% by mass per minute. 

Table 9.4 Typical values of the agitator constant for Equation 9.17.

The value of z, characterizing the internal part of the equipment factor, can be calculated using the geometric characteristics of the reactor. Some typical values of the agitator constant are given in Table 9.4 [2],... 

To 119 g (0.45 mol) of N-(2-diethylaminoethyl)-2-methoxy-4-aminobenzamide dissolved in 200 cc of acetic acid are added in the cold in small portions 69 g of acetic anhydride (0.45 mol + 50% excess). The starting material is made by esterifying 4-aminosalicylic acid with methanol, then acetylating with acetic anhydride and then methylating with dimethyl sulfate. The solution obtained is heated for 2 hours on a water bath and then boiled for 15 minutes. It is cooled at 25°C. While agitating constantly and maintaining the temperature between 25° and 30°C, there is added to the solution drop by drop 72 g of bromine dissolved in 60 cc of acetic acid. It is agitated for one hour. The... 

Figure 1 shows the equipment used. The tubular reactor was 240 ft (73m) long, 0.5 inch (1.27cm) OD, Type 316 stainless steel. The reactor was placed in an agitated, constant temperature water bath. Two gear pumps were used to give metered flow of the two feed streams-an emulsion of styrene in an equal volume of water, and a solution of potassium persulfate in water. Table 1 shows the recipe used for polymerization. 

Forty-two and five-tenths gms of polystyrene and 8cc dioctylphthalate were dissolved in 200cc toluene in a iacquer dissolver. Steam was introduced into the jacket until the temp reached 65°. The lacquer was agitated constantly until it was ready to be added to the granulator. This lacquer contained a 1 4 ratio of plastic-plasticizer to toluene... 

In the second experiment, a volume (100 ml) of the same wine was brought to a temperature close to 0°C, 4 g/1 of KTH crystals were added and the temperature was once again raised to 20°C in 0.5°C increments. The wine was agitated constantly and its conductivity measured after each temperature change. Two patterns were observed ... 

Agitate constantly and observe wafer to see when the slice... 

I 7 7 Safety of Polymerization Processes Tab. 11.3. Typical agitator constants. 

Increased agitation of a given acid—hydrocarbon dispersion results in an increase in interfacial areas owing to a decrease in the average diameter of the dispersed droplets. In addition, the diameters of the droplets also decrease to relatively low and nearly constant values as the volume % acid in the dispersions approaches either 0 or 100%. As the droplets decrease in si2e, the ease of separation of the two phases, following completion of nitration, also decreases. 

Phenolic Dispersions. These systems are predominantly resin-in-water systems in which the resin exists as discrete particles. Particle size ranges from 0.1 to 2 p.m for stable dispersions and up to 100 p.m for dispersions requiring constant agitation. Some of the earliest nonaqueous dispersions were developed for coatings appHcations. These systems consist of an oil-modified phenoHc resin complexed with a metal oxide and a weak solvent. 

The refluxing solvent provides a constant wash to the reactor and brings back reactants that had escaped from the reaction mixture. The reaction temperature is better controlled by the constant refluxing, and the viscosity of the reaction mixture is lower, which improves the effectiveness of the agitation. The product usually has better color and is more uniform than material made by the fusion process. Ordinarily, the reactor requires no more than... 

Sulfation. Sulfated castor oil, also known as turkey-red oil, represents one of the earliest chemical derivatives of castor oil. The traditional method of preparing turkey-red oil is to add concentrated sulfuric acid at a controlled rate to castor oil over a period of several hours with constant cooling and agitation of the reaction mass to maintain a temperature of 25—30°C. After acid addition is complete, the reaction mass is washed then neutralized using an alkaU solution or an amine. 

Manufacture. Chlorinated TSP is made batchwise by addition of a 15% NaOCl solution containing some NaOH to a hot (75—80°C) concentrated Hquor consisting of di- and trisodium phosphates, in a mole ratio of about 1 10, in a suitable reactor, eg, a pan mixer (222). The mixture is allowed to cool slowly under constant agitation until crystallization occurs (62°C). When crystallization is complete, cooling is continued to about 45°C and the slightly moist crystals are air dried. Overdrying can result in decreased stabiHty. 

The constant may depend on process variables such as temperature, rate of agitation or circulation, presence of impurities, and other variables. If sufficient data are available, such quantities may be separated from the constant by adding more terms ia a power-law correlation. The term is specific to the Operating equipment and generally is not transferrable from one equipment scale to another. The system-specific constants i and j are obtainable from experimental data and may be used ia scaleup, although j may vary considerably with mixing conditions. Illustration of the use of data from a commercial crystallizer to obtain the kinetic parameters i, andy is available (61). 

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