Clinical chemistry history

Monitoring Perform periodic complete blood counts and clinical chemistry tests. Monitor serum amylase levels in those individuals who have a history of elevated amylase, pancreatitis, ethanol abuse, who are on parenteral nutrition, or who are otherwise at high risk of pancreatitis. 

Twentieth-century chemistry has evolved into numerous subdisciplines closely connected with subdisciplines from the other sciences. Physical chemistry, chemical physics, biochemistry, clinical chemistry, and nuclear chemistry are well known examples. [1] The connections to the earth sciences and the astronomical sciences are much less known and have received relatively little historical attention. Yet these interdisciplinary fields are extremely rich and have histories that are rewarding subjects for the historian of science. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a historical introduction to what is currently known as cosmochemistry, or the chemistry of the universe. In one sense, this is a modern branch of science, established only in the 1950s, but it can be plausibly traced back to the late nineteenth century, if not earlier. It can even be argued that it dates back to about 1800, when meteorites were first subjected to chemical analysis. 

Green, A. History of the Clinical Chemistry Department. Birmingham Children s Hospital, unpublished manuscript. Birmingham Childrens Hospital is thanked for supplying a copy of the document. 

Pt amine complexes were very important in Werner s early studies in coordination chemistry see Coordination Chemistry History) The cis and trans bis(amine) complexes [PtCl2(NH3)2] have taken on special importance with the discovery that they bind to DNA, and the cw-form is in clinical use as an antitumor drug that has led to sharp falls... 

The editors concept of clinical chemistry, as stated in previous volumes of this serial publication, encompasses a wide field of subjects— from the mechanism of blood coagulation to the microbiological assay of vitamins, and from the significance of trace metals in health and disease to the therapeutic application of increased gas pressure. The natural history of clinical conditions and their comparison with normal controls share one common feature, namely, the central position of some species of molecules, be they small or large, all of them the natural subject of chemical research. Hence, practical methods develop, either manual or mechanized, the results of which become increasingly more useful for the clinician in diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis. 

Rosenfeld, L. (1999). Four Centuries of Clinical Chemistry. Amsterdam Gordon and Breach. Sunderman, E. W. Sr. (1992). The history of proficiency testing/quality control. Clin Chem, 38, 1205-... 

Wu, A.H.W. (2006) A selected history and future of immunoassay development and applications in clinical chemistry. Clinica Chimica Acta, 369, 119 124. 

Ionophores that meet the demands of clinical chemistry and biochemical and physiological research had been developed by the end of the 1990s. More recent work has mostly focused on ionophores that are more readily available but have not led to major breakthroughs in selectivity. Since the history of Ca " " and Mg + ISEs has been reviewed," this chapter will only briefiy highlight some of the ionophores that represent the current state of the art. 

Edwards AM, Howell JBL. The chromones history, chemistry and clinical development. A tribute to the work of Dr R. E. C. Altonnyan. Clin Exp Allergy 2000 30 756-74. 

AIDS, hepatitis, blood disorders, multiple sclerosis and others. At present, another 300 potential therapeutics are in various human clinical trials, although it is impossible to estimate how many of those will actually reach the marketplace. Combinatorial chemistry promises to revolutionize the rate of new-drug development by accelerating initial lead generation. Already, in its approximately 8-year corporate history, combinatorial chemistry has produced about 350 leads in various stages of preclinical development. 

Hobbs C. Echinacea a literature review botany, history, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, and clinical uses. HerbalGram 1994 30 33. 

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