Clindamycin Aminoglycosides

Clindamycin, aminoglycosides, and succinylcholine may potentiate neuromuscular effects of botulinum toxin... 

Ribosomal binding Tetracyclines Macrolides Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Aminoglycosides... 

The role of enterococci in nosocomial infections is probably due to a variety of factors of which antimicrobial resistance appears to be a primary cause. Enterococci possess a broad spectrum of both natural (intrinsic) resistance and acquired (transferable) resistance (Franz et al. 2003). Examples of antibiotics to which the enterococci present an intrinsic resistance include the P-lactam antibiotics (third generation cephalosporins), sulphonamides and clindamycin and aminoglycosides in low levels (Eranz et al. 2003). Acquired resistance based on plasmids or transpo-sons acquisition has relevance for chloramphenicol, erythromycin, high levels of clindamycin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, high levels of P-lactam antibiotics, fluoroquinolones and glycopeptides like vancomycin (Murray 1990 Leclercq 1997). In particular, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) pose a major problem... 

Aminoglycosides Tetracyclines Chloramphenicol Erythromycin Clindamycin Spectinomycin Mupirodn Fusldfc add Inhibition of protein biosynthesis... 

When used for intraabdominal infection, aminoglycosides should be combined with agents that are effective against the majority of B. fragilis. Clindamycin or metronidazole is the agent of first choice, but others, such as antianaerobic cephalosporins (e.g., cefoxitin, cefotetan, or ceftizoxime), piperacillin, mezlocillin, and combinations of extended-spectrum penicillins... 

Cirrhosis Peritoneal Cefotaxime Regimen based on organism isolated 1. Add clindamycin or metronidazole if anaerobes are suspected 2. Other third-generation cephalosporins, extended-spectrum penicillins, aztreonam, and imipenem as alternatives 3. Aminoglycoside with antipseudomonal penicillin... 

Perforated peptic ulcer First-generation cephalosporins 1. Antianaerobic cephalosporins3 2. Possibly add aminoglycoside if patient condition is poor 3. Aminoglycoside with clindamycin or metronidazole add ampicillin if patient is immunocompromised or if biliary tract origin of infection... 

General Imipenem/cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem, or extended-spectrum penicillins with 3-lactamase inhibitor 1. Aztreonam with clindamycin or metronidazole 2. Ciprofloxacin with metronidazole 3. Aminoglycoside with clindamycin or metronidazole ... 

Cholangitis Aminoglycoside with ampicillin with or without clindamycin or metronidazole Use vancomycin instead of ampicillin if patient is allergic to penicillin... 

Intra-abdominal operations necessitate broad-spectrum coverage of gram-negative organisms and anaerobes. Anti-anaerobic cephalosporins, cefoxitin and cefotetan, are useful but suffer from limited availability. Fluoroquinolones or aminoglycosides, paired with clindamycin or metronidazole, should provide adequate coverage for intra-abdominal operations. 

Aminoglycoside with clindamycin or metronidazole add ampicillin if patient is immunocompromised or if biliary tract origin of infection... 

Moderat severe infection Aminoglycoside + clindamycin 0.6-0.9 g IV every 8 hours or metronidazole Aminoglycosidee plus clindamycin 15 mg/kg/day IV in three divided doses or metronidazole 50-50... 

Patients with noninfected bite injuries should be given prophylactic antibiotic therapy for 3 to 5 days. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (500 mg every 8 hours) is commonly recommended. Alternatives for penicillin-allergic patients include fluoroquinolones or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in combination with clindamycin or metronidazole. First-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, clindamycin alone, or aminoglycosides are not recommended, as the sensitivity to E. corrodens is variable. 

Inhibition of protein synthesis in microorganisms (aminoglycosides, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines). 

Broad spectrum therapy is started on an empirical basis. Intra-abdominal infections can be treated by ampicillin (or amoxycillin) or clindamycin combined with aminoglycosides, penicillin-beta-lacta-mase inhibitors such as amoxycillin-clavulanic acid or a second or third generation cephalosporin combined with metronidazole are good alternatives. In patients with impaired immunity and/or prior use of antibiotics, i.e. when it is reasonable to expect resistant pathogens, a broad spectrum penicillin plus beta-lactamase inhibitor or a carbapenem can be used empirically in monotherapy. In septic patients, the rapidly bactericidal action of aminoglycosides is useful. Aminoglycosides should preferentially not be given for more than 3-5 days. 

Clindamycin is indicated for the treatment of skin and soft-tissue infections caused by streptococci and staphylococci. It is often active against community-acquired strains of methicillin-resistant S aureus, an increasingly common cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Clindamycin is also indicated for treatment of anaerobic infection caused by bacteroides and other anaerobes that often participate in mixed infections. Clindamycin, sometimes in combination with an aminoglycoside or cephalosporin, is used to treat penetrating wounds of the abdomen and the gut infections originating in the female genital tract, eg, septic abortion and pelvic abscesses and aspiration pneumonia. Clindamycin is now recommended rather than erythromycin for prophylaxis of endocarditis in patients with valvular heart disease who are undergoing certain dental procedures. Clindamycin plus primaquine is an effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for moderate to moderately severe Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia in AIDS patients. It is also used in combination with pyrimethamine for AIDS-related toxoplasmosis of the brain. 

Clindamycin is indicated for treatment of severe anaerobic infection caused by bacteroides and other anaerobes that often participate in mixed infections. Clindamycin, sometimes in combination with an aminoglycoside or cephalosporin, is used to treat penetrating wounds of the abdomen and the gut infections originating in the female genital tract, eg, septic abortion and pelvic abscesses or... 

Aminoglycosides Chloramphenicol Clindamycin Fluoroquinolones p-Lactams Macrolldes Rifampin Sulfonamides Tetracycline Trimethoprim Vancomycin... 

Aminoglycoside with ampicillin with or without clindamycin or metronidazole... 

Penicillin or clindamycin Clindamycir ticarcillinclavulanate, piperadllin-tazobactana plus aminoglycoside... 

NEOSTIGMINE, PYRIDOSTIGMINE AMINOGLYCOSIDES, CLINDAMYCIN, COLISTIN 1 efficacy of neostigmine and pyridostigmine Uncertain Watch for poor response to these parasympathomimetics and t dose accordingly... 

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