Neuromuscular effects

Tarnopolsky and colleagues78 studied six trained, male runners using a 90-min treadmill run. Subjects, who were habituated to caffeine (200 mg/day) were administerd 6-mg/kg caffeine 1 h prior to testing. No significant differences in metabolic or neuromuscular effects were de-... 

Anthelmintic drugs can act in a variety of ways, by influencing the metabolism of the parasite (e.g. dismption of glucose and glycogen metabolism) or neuromuscular effects (e.g. inhibition of acetyl cholinesterase - organo-phosphates). The compounds are usually administered to animals orally, by injections, as feed additives or in the form of pour-on preparations. 

Connolly S, Trevett AJ, Nwokolo NC, Lalloo DG, Naraqi S et al. (1995) Neuromuscular effects of papuan taipan snake venom. Ann Neurol 38 916-20... 

Barnes, T. (1992). Neuromuscular effects of neuroleptics Akathisia. In J. Kane J. Lieber-man (Eds.), Adverse effects of psychotropic drugs. New York Guilford. 

DM Fisher. Neuromuscular effects of vecuronium (ORG NC45) in infants and pediatric patients during N20 halothane anesthesia. Anesthesiology 58 519, 1983. 

The injection of alkaline-dissolved BTI 6-endotoxin led to a number of immediate neuromuscular effects (Table IV) including,... 

The tendency for MAO inhibitors to produce symptoms related to neuromuscular excitability, the serotonin syndrome, has been recognized in cases of overdose (SEDA-10, 18) and in interactions with other antidepressants or tryptophan (SEDA-10, 16, 17) (20). The authors of a thorough review of the preclinical and clinical literature have drawn attention to these phenomena, which occur at therapeutic doses with a MAO inhibitor alone, and have speculated that the mechanism is related to a combination of increased serotonergic tone and central disin-hibition of alpha motor neuron-mediated spinal activity (21). They discussed ten previous reports of myoclonus, hyper-reflexia, muscle twitching, and increased muscle tone in patients taking MAO inhibitors. These neuromuscular effects appear to occur in up to 15% or more of patients, and are more likely when tryptophan is given in combination. They usually appear after 10-14 days. Tolerance does not occur, but the effects may abate or... 

Lieberman JA, Kane JM, Reife R. Neuromuscular effects of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. J Clin Psychopharmacol 1985 5(4) 221-8. 

Clindamycin, aminoglycosides, and succinylcholine may potentiate neuromuscular effects of botulinum toxin... 

Dube, S.N., Mazumder, F.K., Kumar, D., Rao, FVL., and Bhaskar, A.S.B. 1996. Cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular effects of freshwater cyanophyte Anabena flos-aquae in rats. Defence SciJ 46, 135-141. 

Burkett L, Bikhazi GB, Thomas KC Jr, Rosenthal DA, Wirta MG, Foldes FF. Mutual potentiation of the neuromuscular effects of antibiotics and relaxants. Anesth Analg 1979 58(2) 107-15. 

Eisele JH, Marta JA, Davis HS. Quantitative aspects of the chronotropic and neuromuscular effects of gallamine in anesthetized man. Anesthesiology 1971 35(6) 630-3. 

Hughes R, Chappie DJ. Cardiovascular and neuromuscular effects of dimethyl tubocurarine in anaesthetized cats and rhesus monkeys. Br J Anaesth 1976 48(9) 847-52. 

Ono K, Nagano O, Ohta Y, Kosaka F. Neuromuscular effects of respiratory and metabolic acid-base changes in vitro with and without nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Anesthesiology 1990 73(4) 710-16. 

Szenohradszky J, Caldwell JE, Wright PM, Brown R, Lau M, Luks AM, Fisher DM. Influence of renal failure on the pharmacokinetics and neuromuscular effects of a single dose of rapacuronium bromide. Anesthesiology 1999 90(l) 24-35. 

Cooper RA, Maddineni VR, Mirakhur RK, Wierda JM, Brady M, Fitzpatrick KT. Time course of neuromuscular effects and pharmacokinetics of rocuronium bromide (Org 9426) during isoflurane anaesthesia in patients with and without renal failure. Br J Anaesth 1993 71(2) 222-6. 

Farling P. Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium in patients receiving beta-adrenoreceptor blocking, calcium entry blocking and anticonvulsant drugs. Br J Anaesth 1997 78(1) 90-1. 

Foldes FF, Hillmer NR, Molloy RE, Monte AP. Potentiation of the neuromuscular effect of succinyl-choline by hexafluorenium. Anesthesiology 1960 21 50-8. 

Gordh T, Wahlin A. Potentiation of the neuromuscular effect of succinylcholine by tetrahydro-amino-acridine. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1961 5 55-61. 

Effects due to naled exposure will be similar to those caused by other organophosphate pesticides, including inhibition of cholinesterase and neurological and neuromuscular effects. 

Little information is available on effects of naled in humans. Repeated exposure to naled may have a cumulative effect on cholinesterase levels. Chronic exposure to organophosphates may cause the neurological and neuromuscular effects associated with cholinesterase inhibition. 

The physiological effects of LSD are related to its sympathomimetic actions and include mydriasis (most frequent and consistent), tachycardia, increased body temperature, diaphoresis, and hypertension at higher doses, parasympathomimetic actions may be observed (e.g., salivation, lacrimation, nausea, and vomiting [muscarinic actions]). Neuromuscular effects may include paresthesia, muscle twitches, and incoordination (nicotinic actions)... 

---