Climate zones

European diesel fuel specifications (EN 590 Standard). Requirements for temperate climatic zones. 

The European specifications require a minimum cetane number of 49 for the temperate climatic zones and the French automotive manufacturers require at least 50 in their own specifications. The products distributed in France and Europe are usually in the 48-55 range. Nevertheless, in most Scandinavian countries, the cetane number is lower and can attain 45-46. This situation is taken into account in the specifications for the arctic zone (Table 5.14). In the United States and Canada, the cetane numbers for diesel fuels are most often less than 50. 

Outdoor testing is the most accurate method of obtaining a true picture of other resistance. The only drawback of this test is the time required for several years exposure that are usually located in different climatic zones around the world. A large number of specimens are usually required to allow periodic removal and to run representative laboratory tests after exposure. 

Stability Data Package for Registration Applications in Climatic Zones III and IV Analytical Validation... 

Data to demonstrate the stability characteristics of both the drug substance and the drug product must be collected. Studies using three different batches of both substance and product in their respective containers/packaging must be conducted. Real-time data should be collected under conditions of temperature and relative humidity in line with the recommended storage. Conditions in different world climatic zones must be taken into consideration for cases where normal environmental... 

Storage at controlled room temperature (the earth is divided into four climate zones for this purpose), with sampling times in intervals of 3, 6, or 12 months. 

Table 1 Range of Di.stribution of Oxygen-Containing Functional Groups in Humic and Fulvic Acids Isolated from Soils of Widely Different Climatic Zones (in mEq/lOO g)...

M. Schnitzer, Recent findings on the characterization of humic substances extracted from soils from widely differing climatic zones. Proceedings of Symposium on Soil Organic Matter Studies, Braun.schweig, RFG, 1977, pp. 117-131. 

European comparable climatic zones/weather influences... 

The principal variation of the undisturbed groundwater table over a series of years is shown in Figure 36. This natural variation is mainly climate dependent. Most important is the precipitation and under what season the precipitation occurs. Normally, most of the recharge take place under non growing seasons in west European climate zones. In arid climate zones the recharge take place more occasionally and then combined with temporary cold and rainy conditions. 

The EUSES environment is represented as a set of nested scales. The local scale is nested into the regional scale which is nested in the continental scale. The continental scale is nested into the moderate climate zone, which has two adjacent zones, an arctic and a tropic zone, respectively. All the scales are divided into boxes (environmental compartments). The boxes of all scales include at least air, soil, water, and sediment compartments. 

There have been many proposed explanations to describe the enrichment of SOM S13C in 13C with depth in soil profiles (Powers and Schlesinger 2002). Based on above analyses, variations of SOM 513C with depth were attributed mainly to isotope fractionation due to SOM decomposition at the DFISBR. This is consistent with our early study (Chen et al. 2002a) and other studies in different climatic zones (Balesdent et al. 1993 Agren et al. 1996 Schweizer et al. 1999 Powers and Schlesinger 2002 Hobbie et al. 2004). 

The statistical estimation of heavy metal concentrations in the Spruce Forest ecosystems of the Boreal climatic zone is the subject of wide variation, with coefficient of variation from 36 to 330%. However, we can note the clear trend in biogeochemical peculiarities and relevant exposure to heavy metal uptakes by dominant plant species. 

There are significant differences between biogeochemical cycling in forest and swampy ecosystems of the Boreal climate zone. The annual growth (NPP) of moor vegetation is about 3.5 ton/ha, which is twice as small as that in a forest ecosystem. In the bog, the degradation of dead organic matter proceeds at a much smaller rate than in the forest. The mass of peat accumulated within a period of 100 years accounts for... 

The Broad-Leaved Forest ecosystems are widespread in regions of Sub-Boreal climate zone with a well balanced precipitationrevapotranspiration ratio. The southern periphery of the vast belt of Eurasian boreal and Sub-Boreal Forest ecosystems is represented by Oak Forest ecosystems. These ecosystems exhibit both the largest biomass and annual NPP rates in comparison with other forest ecosystems of this zone. However, the dead mass surface organic matter is 2-3 time less than that of coniferous forests. 

---