Alpine glaciers

The estimation of depth of erosion by continental ice sheets has been a controversial endeavor. In mountainous regions such as the North American Rockies, alpine glaciers have... 

Table 1 Water storage in European alpine glaciers from the Little Ice Age to the present [17-20]...

Zemp M, Haeberli W, Hoelzle M, Paul F (2006) Alpine glaciers to disappear within decades Geophys Res Lett 33 L13504. doi 10.1029/2006GL026319... 

Huss, M, Bauder A, Funk M, Hock R (2008) Determination of the seasonal mass balance of four Alpine glaciers since 1865. J Geophys Res, 113, F01015, doi 10.1029/2007JF000803... 

Keywords Air pollution, Alpine glaciers, Climate reconstruction, Ice core, Natural archives... 

Fig. 3 Schematic of a high-alpine glacier with location of the borehole. Lines show the flow direction of individual ice particles, whereas the velocity is indicated by the number of arrow heads. Courtesy of Aurel Schwerzmann...

Deutsch S, Ambach W, Eisner H (1966) Oxygen isotope study of snow and fim of an Alpine glacier. Earth Planet Sci Lett 1 197-201... 

Fowler, Brenda. Iceman Uncovering the Life and Times of a Prehistoric Man Found in an Alpine Glacier. New York Random ffouse, 2000. Fowler, a journalist, chronicles the discovery and subsequent studies of Otzi the Iceman. Although a lot of research has occurred since the publication of this book, the author provides a wealth of interesting detail on the people, politics, and science associated with the period shortly following this amazing discovery. 

Alpine glacier A glacier that forms and flows in a mountain valley (compare with continental glacier). Alumina Aluminum oxide. 

Fowler, Brenda. Iceman Uncovering the Life and Times of a Prehistoric Man Found in an Alpine Glacier. New York Random House, 2000. 

Collins D. N. (1979) Hydrochemistry of meltwaters draining from an alpine glacier. Arctic Alpine Res. 11, 307 - 324. 

Table 6 Distribution of global land area (Mkm ) exposed to chemical weathering and to river transfer of soluble material. A percent of land area (nonglaciated area also contains alpine glaciers). B percent of weathering generated fluxes (e.g., DIC flux). C percent of river fluxes to oceans.

The geologists who accompanied Robert Scott and Ernest Shackleton to Antarctica were amazed when they entered the mountains of southern Victoria Land and discovered the ice-free valleys such as Wright Valley in Fig. 10.1 (Sections 1.4, 2.3, and 3.1). The modem traveler entering the ice-free valleys by helicopter from McMurdo is similarly affected because the wide U-shaped valleys present a familiar view of sandy plains dotted with lakes and ponds filled with liquid water and of meltwater streams that flow from alpine glaciers descending from the high mountain ranges that frame these valleys. 

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