Climate control ideal conditions

One dream of the biosynthetic chemist is to develop a system of stabilized enzymes on solid supports, permitting a continuous flow process from precursors to products. With no variability due to climate or soil conditions, yields would be totally controllable and reproducible, and product clean-up would be greatly simplified, or ideally, unnecessary. With the isolation, characterization, cloning, and expression of more enzymes in biosynthetic pathways, the reality of the dream moves inexorably closer. Already the use of enzyme systems for directing stereospedfic reactions in organic synthesis has risen dramatically, with a corresponding increase in efficiency and enantio selectivity. 

In order to achieve a comprehensive control of the surrounding conditions, many museum institutions today use progressive containment as an underlying strategy to preserve artifacts in an ideal way. In order to minimize environmental influences (climate fluctuations, entry of polluted outer air), climatic requirements... 

Efficient draught-free ventilation should be provided, especially in hot climates. Artificial heating is nec6ssary in cold weather. Ideally the glassblower s workshop would be air-conditioned so that temperature and humidity are under control. 

In principle, use of tissue cultures in well defined media under controlled conditions (illumination, temperature, etc.) represents a technique ideal for obtaining reproducible information on plant biochemistry, undisturbed by climatic and ecological variables. One important question is whether undifferentiated cells produce the same enzyme systems and the same secondary metabolites as intact plants. The answer probably depends on the compound(s) of interest and on the culture conditions. Recent work illustrates the importance of this research area, whose successes promise to provide new tools for the study of biosynthetic pathways leading to polythiophenes. 

For effective, controlled discharge protection, the ideal situation is one wherein the electrical charges are dissipated nearly as rapidly as they are generated. Thus, at any point there is no accumulation of charge on the surface of the plastic and therefore no danger of hazardous electrostatic discharge. To do this effectively, the surface resistance of the packaging material should be less than about 1 x 10 f2/D, preferably between 10 and 10 run even under extreme climatic conditions. 

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