Climate change salinities

Fig. 4 Maximum salinity intrusions into the Delta at five year time intervals from 1945 to 1990 are shown. Drought conditions and rising sea level from climate change are predicted to increase salinity intrusions eastward into the Delta in the future...

Bachu S. and Adams J.J. Sequestration of C02 in geological media in response to climate change Capacity of deep saline aquifers to sequster C02 in solution. 2003 Energy Conversion and Management 44(20) 3151-3175. 

Breeding Recurrent mass selection Adaptation to climate change Disease resistance Drought resistance Genetic diversity Salinity resistance Banilas et al. (2009) Carruba and Catalano (2009) Hejnak et al. (2009) Marais and Botes (2009) Martinez-Ballesta et al. (2009)... 

Global climate change is having an impact on sea surface temperatures and salinities. Recent research has identified a systematic decline in mixed layer salinities at high latitudes (-0.03 to -0.2%o) and an increase at low latitudes (h-0.1 to -t0.4%o) between the... 

In addition to information about diet and seasonality, shells at archaeological sites provide information about the local habitat and climate change. Different species of shellfish live in different depths of water, and prefer different temperatures, salinity, and amounts of current. Shells are composed of calcium carbonate (CaCO ) which is a molecule composed of calcium, carbon, and oxygen. The exact ratio of oxygen isotopes in shell depends on the temperature of the water in which the shell formed. Determination of that ratio in the shell can provide information on changes in water temperature (correlated with air temperature) over time. That information can be used to estimate where along a coast the shell is coming from. 

Figure 3.4 Options for the geological storage of carbon dioxide. 1. Deep unused saline formations (aquifers). 2. Use of carbon dioxide for enhanced oil recovery. 3. Depleted oil and gas reservoirs. 4. Deep unmineable coal seams. 5. Use of carbon dioxide in enhanced coal-bed methane recovery. 6. Other suggested options (e.g., salt caverns, basalts, oil/gas shales, disused mines)." (Courtesy of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change).

The statistical collection and representation of the weather conditions for a specified area during a specified time interval, usually decades, together with a description of the state of the external system or boundary conditions. The properties that characterize the climate are thermal (temperatures of the surface air, water, land, and ice), kinetic (wind and ocean currents, together with associated vertical motions and the motions of air masses, aqueous humidity, cloudiness and cloud water content, groundwater, lake lands, and water content of snow on land and sea ice), nd static (pressure and density of the atmosphere and ocean, composition of the dry ir, salinity of the oceans, and the geometric boundaries and physical constants of the system). These properties are interconnected by the various physical processes such as precipitation, evaporation, infrared radiation, convection, advection, and turbulence, climate change... 

Arpita Mandal (hydrology hydrogeology water resources and impacts of climate change water supply climate variability flood risk and control hydrochemistry of groundwater saline water intrusion). Department of Geography and Geology, University of the West Indies... 

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