Cleanup operations system design

This book assesses soil vapor extraction (SVE) technology and summarizes an expert workshop on SVE sponsored by EPA. This summary identifies current SVE technologies as welt as additional research needed In such areas as site characterization, pilot systems, full-scale system design and operation, attainment of cleanup criteria, and closure monitoring. 

Cyclonic filters (and closely related designs such as U-tubes) are employed as an initial gas cleanup step in most gasifier systems because they are effective and relatively inexpensive to operate. In circulating fluidized-bed or entrained-bed gasifiers, cyclones are an integral part of the reactor design, providing for separation of the bed material and other particulates from the gas stream. 

Effective design of a remediation system for dissolved hydrocarbons in groundwater requires consideration of more than only the effectiveness of the technological process involved. At many sites a variety of techniques are capable of completing the cleanup. However, design of a project that is efficient in all aspects — technically, in terms of time, and economically — requires an evaluation of the entire life cycle of the project from inception to closure. Typically, at sites where remediation is expected to continue over a 4-year project life, operation and maintenance account for between 50 and 80% of the total project cost. These percentages increase each year thereafter. The principal components of operation and maintenance are power, labor, and parts. Identification and quantification of these components are critical to the overall cost of a project. 

A prototype system (100 kg waste per hour) which utilizes a nonrefractory metal vessel is under construction and was scheduled to begin operating in late 1983 (10). The unit is designed for transport to field sites for temporary waste destruction such as in cleanup of a hazardous waste site or continuous waste destruction at a waste generator s plant site. 

Remtech s Bubble Lance Low-Profile Stripper (BLLS) is a diffused air, shallow channel, low-profile air stripper. The BLLS is designed to reduce operation and maintenance costs for groundwater and wastewater cleanup over conventional diffused air or plate strippers. According to the vendor, the system has the following features ... 

In September 1994, the NMSHTD retained a second consultant, Daniel B. Stephens Associates, Inc. (DBS A) to design and implement a corrective action system at the Artesia Patrol Yard. Sections 3.1 and 3.2 outline DBS A s rationale for and design of the high-vacuum SVE system for the Artesia Yard. The techniques used to enhance the recovery of petroleum vapors from the vadose zone are described in Sections 3.3 and 3.4. These techniques extended the operation of the high-vacuum SVE system and allowed a more effective cleanup of the vadose zone in preparation for the current phase of bioventing. 

Salt selection. Selection of a coolant salt is critical to moving forward with an AHTR design since the salt choice dictates many other design features such as operational temperature limits (upper and lower), core design, structural material options, salt chemistry and cleanup systems, and balance of plant dose levels. 

In the GE model, differences in the characteristics of the corrosion product particulate material are emphasized in detail they are considered to arise from the different types of condensate cleanup systems (powdex or deep-bed) employed in the plants and from the option of forward-pumped heater drain systems. The model includes many empirical coefffcients obtained through laboratory experiments and, above all, by the aid of a large number of data from measurements at operating BWR plants. For this reason, the model is mainly applicable to plants of GE design (Alder et al., 1992). 

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