Cleaning, crop

Fodder crops are useful in organic rotations they are high yielding crops with high levels of metabolisable energy. They will also serve as a cleaning crop for weeds. 

Copper products Champion, Clean Crop, Nordox Powdery mildew, anthracnose, various blights Various fruits and vegetables Fungicide... 

Lenhart and Kawamoto (1994) reported air concentrations of up to 297 pg/m3 in greenhouse air after spray applications of an emulsifiable concentrate of diazinon (Clean Crop AG500), and concentrations up to 3,030 pg/m3 in greenhouse air after a 4-hour cold fogging application of the same formulation. 

The success of organic crop husbandry also relies very much on effective weed management, although diverging views can be found regarding the necessity of clean crops versus the... 

The esters formed in this process are hydrolysed in both acid and base conditions and are much less stable than alcohol ethoxylates. This limits the applications in detergents but they have many industrial uses. In the textile industry they have good emulsifying, lubricating, dispersive and antistatic properties. They are also used widely in personal care, institutional and industrial cleaning, crop protection, paints and coatings and adhesives. 

Clean Crop MSMA 6 Plus A116 Industrial 151... 

Spores are air borne, and move from an infected to a clean crop. There are many strains of this disease. 

To reduce the spread of pests such as cyst nematodes, contaminated soil should be returned to the same field after grading and cleaning crops snch as potatoes or sugar beet. Care should be taken when moving machinery from heavily iirfested land to clean land to try and reduce movement of contaminated soil. 

The price of combining peas for human consumption is largely dependent on quality and great care shoirld be taken at harvest. A clean crop may be combined direct whereas if weedy a desiccant may be helpful but first consult the processor if the crop is for human consumption. Peas for animal feed may be combined a little later and drier than for human consumption and if the crop is lodged the combine must be fitted with efficient lifters and it may be necessary to combine one-way. 

The way the chemist knows that she has methylamine and not ammonium chloride is that she compares the look of the two types of crystals. Ammonium chloride crystals that come from this reaction are white, tiny and fuzzy. The methylamine hydrochloride crystals are longer, more crystalline in nature and are a lot more sparkly. The chemist leaves the methylamine crystals in the Buchner funnel of the vacuum filtration apparatus and returns the filtrate to the distillation set up so it can be reduced one last time to afford a second crop. The combined methylamine hydrochloride filter cake is washed with a little chloroform, scraped into a beaker of hot ethanol and chilled. The methylamine hydrochloride that recrystallizes in the cold ethanol is vacuum filtered to afford clean, happy product (yield=50%). 

Cut Structural and Plate. A premium scrap at least 0.6 cm (1/4 ia.) thick which is prepared ia differeat leagths, this coasists of clean stmctural shapes, crop ends, ship scrap, and shearings having maximum phosphoms and sulfur contents of 0.05% each. It is frequentiy marketed as prompt scrap. 

The other global environmental problem, stratospheric ozone depletion, was less controversial and more imminent. The U.S. Senate Committee Report supporting the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 states, Destruction of the ozone layer is caused primarily by the release into the atmosphere of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and similar manufactured substances—persistent chemicals that rise into the stratosphere where they catalyze the destruction of stratospheric ozone. A decrease in stratospheric ozone will allow more ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach Earth, resulting in increased rates of disease in humans, including increased incidence of skin cancer, cataracts, and, potentially, suppression of the immune system. Increased UV radiation has also been shown to damage crops and marine resources."... 

Soil adhering to root and tuber crop samples must be removed with cold running water but samples should not be scrubbed with a brush. The samples should be dried in a clean room to avoid contamination. 

Having received the pre-weighed test item, preparation for its use in the field must be made. Ideally, water to be used in the dilution of the test item should be from mains water or a recognized source. The use of water from standing pools, rivers, etc., could potentially lead to problems with interference from contaminants during analysis of the crop samples. Depending on the formulation under test, the test item can be mixed in a variety of ways. First, the required water volume must be accurately measured. Approximately half of this amount can be poured into a clean bucket or similar mixing container. The temperature of the water should be noted at this point... 

More recently, liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) have been evaluated as possible alternative methods for carfentrazone-ethyl compounds in crop matrices. The LC/MS methods allow the chemical derivatization step for the acid metabolites to be avoided, reducing the analysis time. These new methods provide excellent sensitivity and method recovery for carfentrazone-ethyl. However, the final sample extracts, after being cleaned up extensively using three SPE cartridges, still exhibited ionization suppression due to the matrix background for the acid metabolites. Acceptable method recoveries (70-120%) of carfentrazone-ethyl metabolites have not yet been obtained. 

Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is a toxic decomposition product/metabolite of alky-lenebis(dithiocarbamates). This compound could be generated during processing of treated crops at elevated temperature. Different chromatographic methods to determine the residue levels of ETU have been published. After extraction with methanol, clean-up on a Gas-Chrom S/alumina column and derivatization (alkylation) with bro-mobutane, ETU residues can be determined by GC with a flame photometric detector in the sulfur mode. Alternatively, ETU residues can also be determined by an HPLC method with UV detection at 240 nm or by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) or liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) (molecular ion m/z 103). ... 

After recovering fluthiacet-methyl from the crop extract with n-hexane, acidify the residual aqueous layer and extract the free form of fluthiacet-methyl with n-hexane-ethyl acetate (2 1, v/v). After evaporating the solvent, clean up the residue with an Ci8 Empore Disk Cartridge. After methylation of the free form with trimethylsilyl-diazomethane, clean up the ester with a Bond Elut LRC SI and a Sep-Pak Plus NH2 cartridge, and quantify as fluthiacet-methyl by GC/FTD. 

Meisinger, J.J., Hargrove, W.L., Mikkelsen, R.L., Williams, J.R., and Benson, V.W., Effects of cover crops on groundwater quality, in Cover Crops for Clean Water, Hargrove, W.L., Ed., Soil Conservation Society, 1991, pp. 57-68. 

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