Clause 1 - Scope

This clause states that manufacturers who claim that their equipment is designed for use in SIS should satisfy the requirements defined in lEC 61508. ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996 does not address this issue. 

ANSI/ISA-84.00.01-2004-1 provides extensively detailed requirements for application software in Part 1, Clause 12, Requirements for application software, including selection criteria for utility software. In comparison, ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996 provided less definitive requirements for application software in Clause 7.8.3, Application logic for Programmable Electronic Systems (PES).  

ANSI/ISA-84.00.01-2004-1 identifies SIL 4 as the maximum level of performance for a Safety Instrumented Function covered under this standard. ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996 identified SIL 3 as the maximum level of performance for a Safety Instrumented Function. 

ANSI/ISA-84.01-1996 excluded systems where the operator was the sole means of returning the process to a safe state. ANSI/ISA-84.00.01-2004-1 did not specifically exclude this type of system, but did not explicitly include it either. ANSI/ISA-84.00.01-2004-1 Clauses 11.3.1 through Clauses 11.3.3 provide requirements where the operator is required to take specific action in response to safety critical alarms and diagnostic alarms. When the Hazard and Risk Analysis (H RA) identifies a critical alarm as a protection layer, the detection and response may include many different components, such as sensor(s), logic solver, operator HMI, and final element(s). It is important that all elements, including the operator, be capable of achieving the required risk reduction. ISA-TR84.00.04-1 Annex B provides additional discussion on this subject. 

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Clause 1 Scope of the Code and Definition of Certain Terms... 

The normative part of an analytical standard method in ISO includes at least the following clauses scope, normative references, interferences, principle, essential minimum requirements, reagents, apparatus, quality requirements for the separator column, sampling and sample pretreatment, procedure, calculation, expression of results, and test report. 

The next stage is to design the processes that have been identified. In many cases, existing processes may well satisfy the need but process approval may be required if the tolerance on product characteristics is much less than the currently demonstrated process capability. Process design is a subject outside the scope of ISO 9001 but is covered by clause 4.2.4.9 of ISO/TS 16949 and hence addressed in Part 2 Chapter 2. 

The standard does not address product recall other than in the context of releasing product for urgent production purposes in clause 4.10.2.3. The reported nonconformities from your customers may be so severe that you need to recall product, not just one or two but a whole batch or several batches between two dates or serial numbers. Product recall can be considered to fall within the scope of handling reported nonconformities ... 

Doing it more cheaply (outsourcing contracts can face cost escalation, or painful and expensive break clauses when the real scope of work is discovered)... 

It is beyond the scope of this chapter to explain the syntax and semantics of first-order predicate logic, and the reader is referred to Lloyd s text (1987) for a general introduction. However, it is useful to provide some details on the horn clause form. 

The Code does not apply to the promotion of over-the-counter medicines to members of the health professions when the object of that promotion is to encourage their purchase by members of the general public as specified in Clause 1.1. Thus, for example, an advertisement to doctors for an over-the-counter medicine does not come within the scope of the Code if its purpose is to encourage doctors to recommend the purchase of the medicine by patients. Where the advertisement is designed to encourage doctors to prescribe the medicine, then it comes within the scope of the Code. 

Measures or trade practices relating to prices, margins and discounts which were in regular use by a significant proportion of the pharmaceutical industry on 1 January 1993 are outside the scope of the Code (see Clause 1.2) and are excluded from the provisions of this clause. Other trade practices are subject to the Code. The terms prices, margins and discounts are primarily financial terms. 

Information or promotional material about medicines covered by Clause 21.1 above which is placed on the Internet outside the UK will be regarded as coming within the scope of the Code if it was placed there by a UK company or an affQiate of a UK company or at the instigation or with the authority of such a company and it makes specific reference to the availability or use of the medicine in the UK. 

A detailed discussion of optimization of sulfur recovery facilities would comprise another paper in itself, and therefore, is outside the scope of this paper. Costs of hydrogen production, which are presented in Figure 5 and Tables III and IV do not include sulfur recovery (Claus, etc.) costs or sulfur... 

The italicized clause in question requires that the employee assign all inventions that he might make or conceive at any time after the date of the agreement—that is, even after his employment by the company had reached its end—as to any subject matter with which the company was or might be concerned. In other words, there was no time limit set on this obligation, nor was its scope limited. The court found this bad, holding as follows ... 

This is an extreme example of a clause in a patent assignment agreement which contravenes public policy and is therefore unenforceable. This principle serves as an effective restraint upon unreasonable employee invention assignment agreements. However, the courts have approved asignments of future inventions within the scope of the agreement if the time is definite and reasonable, such as for one year after termination of employment. 

The standards for intrinsic safety - i EN 50020 and IEC 60079-11, define the scope of type verifications and tests as well as routine verifications and tests (in clauses 10 and 11). Among the type tests ... 

As is evident from this statement, the Secretary was concerned about the factors of judgment entering into determinations under the if clause, and the confusion that might result, and therefore wished to have the authority to resolve any uncertainties about the Act s scope by declaring that particular substances met both requirements of Section 2(f)l(A) and therefore were hazardous. ... 

As in any method of project delivery, changes in the scope are grounds for additional compensation. Likewise, changes in the schedule (e.g., delays caused by someone other than the GC or their subcontractor) can be grounds for requesting an extension time and additional compensation. Generally, delays caused by weather are covered under an excusable delay clause in the contract. In this case, the contractor would not be eligible for additional compensation to cover his extended presence on the job but would receive an extension of time equal to the time lost. 

The shared clause explicitly specifies that the named variables will be shared among all threads. This is particularly useful when the default (none) clause is used (see the next section), in which case all shared variables declared in an outer scope must be explicitly named in a shared directive. 

An overview over the numerous processes by which Claus tailgases can be genuinely treated to reduce sulfur emissions is given in Fig. 5.12. It shows the products resulting from the various processes and the achievable residual contents (H2S + SO2). As a detailed description of all the processes would go far beyond the scope of this chapter, only two processes which are typical for their respective groups will be dealt with here in greater detail while the others will only be mentioned briefly. 

In practicing intellectual property law, one may work to define and protect the intellectual property created by another, or seek to limit the scope of protection claimed by another in order to maintain the unfettered use of subject matter that is already in the public domain or not adequately described in a patent. Thus, one involved in a career involving intellectual property law participates in promoting the progress of science and useful arts by securing for limited times, to authors and inventors, the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries. (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8, U.S. Constitution.)... 

Clause 1 provides the scope, purpose, and organization of this standard. 

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