Classification inorganic solids

This account of the kinetics of reactions between (inorganic) solids commences with a consideration of the reactant mixture (Sect. 1), since composition, particle sizes, method of mixing and other pretreatments exert important influences on rate characteristics. Some comments on experimental methods are included here. Section 2 is concerned with reaction mechanisms formulated to account for observed behaviour, including references to rate processes which involve diffusion across a barrier layer. This section also includes a consideration of the application of mechanistic criteria to the classification of the kinetic characteristics of solid-solid reactions. Section 3 surveys rate processes identified as the decomposition of a solid catalyzed by a solid. Section 4 reviews other types of solid + solid reactions, which may be conveniently subdivided further into the classes... 

The materials that make up the earth s crust are described at two levels. The smallest unit of classification is the mineral, which is defined as a natural, homogeneous inorganic solid having a definite chemical composition and a crystalline structure. The second, more complex classification unit is the rock, which is defined as any natural solid made up of one or more minerals. 

An attractive, semiempirical application of physical insight into alloy formation is found in classifications of alloy phase data into structure maps, quantum diagrams, and so on (see Structure Property Maps for Inorganic Solids) where a necessarily limited number of coordinates (one to three) must reflect the physical parameters determining the property of interest. An example is given below in the Pettifor map for Ti-Al intermetallics. Further developments in the mapping of intermetallics are due to Ceder. ... 

Synonyms Sodium fluoride, solid and sol n. Sodium hydrofluoride Sodium monofluoride Classification inorganic salt Empirical FNa Formula NaF... 

A classification of methods for preparing polymer-layered inorganic solid compounds takes into account the main processes involved in the synthesis of the final hybrid material. The nature of both the 2D host solid and the guest polyma- determines the pathway applicable to obtain a particular nanocomposite and, in certain cases, is decisive in the behavior of the resulting material. In... 

Lima de Faria, J. and Figueiredo, M. O. (1975). Classification, notation and ordering on a table of inorganic structure types. J. Solid State Chem. 16,7-28. 

Each of the major classifications of sulfur types may be further subdivided. The inorganically bound sulfur is conventionally subdivided among pyrite, sulfate, and sulfide types of sulphur3. Again, sulfur can transfer among these types, as well as back and forth to organically bound sulfur or escape from the solid as a gas. 

Hybrid framework compounds, including both metal-organic coordination polymers and systems that contain extended inorganic connectivity (extended inorganic hybrids), have recently developed into an important new class of solid-state materials. We examine the diversity of this complex class of materials, propose a simple but systematic classification, and explore the chemical and geometrical factors that influence their formation. We also discuss the growing evidence that many hybrid frameworks tend to form under thermodynamic rather than kinetic control when the synthesis is carried out under hydrothermal conditions. Finally, we explore the potential applications of hybrid frameworks in areas such as gas separations and storage,... 

Wastewater contains a wide variety of suspended solid materials. The classification of the various solids is shown in Figure 8.3. Total solids are obtained by evaporating a sample of wastewater to dryness at 103-105°C. A filtration step separates the total suspended solids (TSS), which remain on the filter, from the total dissolved solids (TDS), which pass in the filtrate. The residue that remains after the TS are ignited at 500° C is called the total fixed solids (TFS), and they represent the inorganic salts in the sample. The solids that are volatilized... 

Scheme 11.1 Classification of conductive/ electroactive solids and films, (a) Molecular charge-transfer (CT) complexes and jt-conjugated linear oligomers (b) Mixed electronic-ionic conductors inorganic jt-conjugated polymers and polymer-like...

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