Circulation purifier

A circulation purifier for pollutants (Fig. 34) was developed using the felt material made of the aforementioned photo-catalytic fiber. This is a very simple purifier with a module composed of the cone-shaped felt material (made of the photo-catalytic fiber) and UV lamp. Purification of the bath water of a... 

Fig. 34 Circulation purifier for pollutants using photo-catalytic fiber with a UV lamp... 

Fig. 35 Purification test of the water of a circulation bath system using the circulation purifier (bath size 8 m3, users 200 persons/day, circulation of water 3 m3/h in the water-purifier, sampling directly from the bath)...

Fig. 37 Decomposition of dioxin using the circulation purifier (photo-intensity 10 mW/cm2, water quantity 120 L, circulation 400 L/h)...

Figure 6 Example of a circulating purified water loop utilizing reverse osmosis, deionization, ultra violet lighting, and micro filtration.

The reaction solution is flushed under reduced pressure after it is sent out from the column, to remove CO2 gas formed as a by-product. The water formed is then removed from the reaction solution by a2eotropic distillation with BN, and most of the resultant reaction solution is recycled to the reaction column as the circulating solution. Part of the circulating solution is taken out from the reaction system and processed further to obtain DBO. The catalyst is first filtered, then BN, C H OH, and by-products are removed from the resultant solution. Purified DBO is thus obtained. The catalyst, BN, and C4H2OH are recovered and recycled to the circulating solution. After the make-up C H OH and nitric acid are added, the circulating solution is pressuri2ed and fed back to the reaction column. 

Purified DBO is mixed with the mother Hquor from the oxaUc acid crystaUi2ation, and hydroly2ed at about 80°C into oxaUc acid and / -butanol. The resultant mixture undergoes phase separation oxaUc acid dihydrate is thus crystaUi2ed from the oxaUc acid solution, and C H OH is purified and recycled to the circulating solution. 

The length of the zone and the diameter of the tod are chosen in such a way that surface tension and interactions between circulating electric currents in the molten zone and the radio-frequency (r-f) field from the surrounding induction coil keep the molten zone in place. As of this writing (ca 1996), the maximum sihcon rod diameter that can be purified in this manner is ca 125 mm. Initially, additional purification can be obtained by making mote sweeps of the zone. Eventually, however, more sweeps do not remove any additional impurities. The limiting profile is given by equation 4 ... 

A process development known as NOXSO (DuPont) (165,166) uses sodium to purify power plant combustion flue gas for removal of nitrogen oxide, NO, and sulfur, SO compounds. This technology reHes on sodium metal generated in situ via thermal reduction of sodium compound-coated media contained within a flue-gas purification device, and subsequent flue-gas component reactions with sodium. The process also includes downstream separation and regeneration of spent media for recoating and circulation back to the gas purification device. A full-scale commercial demonstration project was under constmction in 1995. 

Water is evaporated from purified brine using multiple-effect or vapor recompression evaporators (Figs. 3 and 4). Multiple-effect systems typically contain three or four forced-circulation evaporating vessels (Fig. 4) connected together in series. Steam from boilers suppHes the heat and is fed from one evaporator to the next to increase energy efficiency in the multiple-effect system. 

Ceruloplasmin (from human blood plasma) [9031-37-2] Mr 134,000. This principle Cu transporter (90-90% of circulating Cu) is purified by precipitation with polyethylene glycol 4000, balchwise adsorption and elution from QAE-Sephadex, and gradient elution from DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B. Ceruloplasmin... 

Sublimation. This process is employed to separate volatile substances from non-volatile impurities. Iodine, arsenic(III) oxide, ammonium chloride and a number of organic compounds can be purified in this way. The material to be purified is gently heated in a porcelain dish, and the vapour produced is condensed on a flask which is kept cool by circulating cold water inside it. 

In our case, sprouting in an effectively aerated water medium was selected as the sprouting method of choice. In our system the sprouts are moving and circulating vigorously with the water flow. Effective aeration is necessary seeds submerged in water without aeration do not sprout and eventually die. Normal tap water or reverse osmosis purified water (RO-water) can be used. 

Figure 16 shows the experimental arrangement for the measurement of the surface pressure. The trough (200 mm long, 50 mm wide and 10 mm deep) was coated with Teflon. The subphase temperature was controlled within 0.1 C by means of a jacket connected to a thermostated water circulator, and the environmental air temperature was kept at 18 °C. The surface tension was measured with a Wilhelmy plate of platinum(24.5 x 10.0 x 0.15 mm). The surface pressure monitored by an electronic balance was successively stored in a micro- computer, and then Fourier transformed to a frequency domain. The surface area was changed successively in a sinusoidal manner, between 37.5 A2/molecule and 62.5 A2/molecule. We have chosen an unsaturated phospholipid(l,2-dioleoyl-3-sn-phosphatidyI-choline DOPC) as a curious sample to measure the dynamic surface tension with this novel instrument, as the unsaturated lipids play an important role in biomembranes and, moreover, such a "fluid" lipid was expected to exhibit marked dynamic, nonlinear characteristics. The spreading solution was 0.133 mM chloroform solution of DOPC. The chloroform was purified with three consecutive distillations. 

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