Circles circular

Kreis-ausschnitt. m. sector, -bahn, /. circular path orbit, -bewegung,/. circular motion, rotation, revolution, -blende, /. (Photog.) iris diaphragm, -bogen, m. arc of a circle circular arch. 

Cyclo (jcvickog) circle, circular cycle, circle bicycle, cylinder, cyclone cyclotron, cyclization... 

While a DNA molecule may exist as a straight rod, the two ends are often covalently joined. Thus, the chromosomes of E. coli and of other bacteria are single closed circles. Circular DNA molecules are also found in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and many viruses. Further complexity arises from the fact that the circles of DNA are sometimes interlocked in chainlike fashion (catenated). An unusual example of this phenomenon is the presence of thousands of small catenated DNA circles in the single mitochondrion of a trypanosome (Fig. 5-16).183 Sometimes circular DNA is knotted as in Fig. 5-17.184-186 Knots and catenanes often appear as intermediate forms during replication and recombination, especially involving circular DNA.187 188... 

Figure 7.18 Ratio of velocities as a function of dimensionless length. Squares,parallel plates triangles, square tubes circles, circular tubes...

Remke and Burdick [31] derived a closed-form equation based on the inductances of circles. Circular spiral coils are divided in several circles with mean (turn) diameters. The overall inductance is calculated as the sum of... 

Two different types of calibration marks are used in our experiments, planar circles and circular balls. The accuracy of the calibration procedure depends on the accuracy of the feature detection algorithms used to detect the calibration marks in the images. To take this in account, a special feature detection procedure based on accurate ellipses fitting has been developed. Detected calibration marks are rejected, if the feature detection procedure indicates a low reliability. 

Show what the maximum possible value of is for the case of a two-dimensional emulsion consisting of uniform, rigid circles (or, alternatively, of a stacking of right circular cylinders). 

C2.15.2 a right circularly polarized wave is illustrated. As tire wave propagates, Eq sweeps out a circle in tire x-y plane. It is clear tliat, given a well characterized light source, tliere are many attributes we can attempt to control (wavelengtli, polarization, etc.) tire question is how to generate well-characterized light ... 

Figure C2.15.2. Right circularly polarized light. As tire wave propagates tire resultant E sweeps out a circle in tire x-y plane.

Quadrupoles. The quadmpole mass filter (16,17), which became available commercially in 1967, consists of four cylindrical rods having circular or, more recentiy, hyperboHc cross sections, arranged with their centers on the perimeter of a circle of radius Tq. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a... 

The core of the network is the region of the rail network in which the branch line of two transformer substations or of any other branch line is less than 2 km distant in a direct line. All branch lines outside the core of the network are termed outlying lines. In a branched rail network, not only the stretches of line within a circle with a radius of 2 km from the most negative return current point of a transformer substation belong to the core of the network, but also connecting branch lines that are less than 2 km from each other [1]. The area of a network core can be simply determined on a track plan with the help of a circular template as in Fig. 15-1. 

Figure 3-32 Halpin-Tsai Calculations (Circles) versus Adams and Doner s Calculations for E2 of Circular Fibers in a Square Array (After Halplrt ar d Tsai [3-17])...

The place at which this transfer occurs is illustrated in Figure 8.19 as a thin circle on the lower chromatographic plate. Because the overpressure is uniform throughout the whole system, the compounds will be divided into two parts and migrate in both circular (outwards) and anticircular (inwords) directions. A hole at the centre of the... 

The principle of a circular accelerator is that forces from properly arranged electromagnets cause the charged particles of the beam to move in circles, while properly arranged electrical forces boost the energ r of the particles each time they go around. The radius of the circle depends on the mass and speed of... 

Assuming a horizontal unit, as illustrated in Figure 4-11, has a segment of a circle equal to 25% to 75% [27,26] of the circular area (the highest of this segment will be about 30% to 70% of the diameter), then height of the interface will be [26] ... 

To obtain properties of half circle, quarter circle and circular complement substitute a b R. 

Circular Circular pitch is the distance from a point on one tooth to the corresponding point on the next tooth measured along the pitch circle as shown in Figure 57.32. Its value is equal to the circumference of the pitch circle divided by the number of teeth in the gear. While most common-size gears are based on diametric pitch, large-diameter gears are frequently made to circular pitch dimensions. 

The mathematical relationship of the circular pitch to the pitch-circle circumference, number of teeth, and the pitch diameter is shown in the following equations ... 

C = Pitch circle circumference (jtD), inches D = Pitch diameter, inches N = Number of teeth p = Circular pitch, inches jr = pi (3.1416)... 

This concept is demonstrated schematically in Figure 1.11. It can be seen that the initial bias in a system of proteins containing two conformations (square and spherical) lies far toward the square conformation. When a ligand (filled circles) enters the system and selectively binds to the circular conformations, this binding process removes the circles driving the backward reaction from circles back to squares. In the absence of this backward pressure, more square conformations flow into the circular state to fill the gap. Overall, there is an enrichment of the circular conformations when unbound and ligand-bound circular conformations are totaled. 

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