Cigarettes children

Hatsukami D, Fletcher L, Morgan S, Keenan R, Amble P (1989) The effects of varying cigarette deprivation duration on cognitive and performance tasks. J Subst Abuse 1 407-416 Herrero MT, Barcia C, Navarro JM (2002) Functional anatomy of thalamus and basal ganglia. Childs Nervous Syst 18 386 04... 

Tennant FS, Tarver AL, Rawason RA (1983) Clinical evaluation of mecamylamine for withdrawal from nicotine dependence. In Harris LS (ed) Problems of drug dependence, NIDA Research Monograph 49. USDHHS publication no, 84-1316, pp 239-246 Tercyak KP, Herman C, Audrain J (2002) Association of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms with levels of cigarette smoking in a community sample of adolescents, J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 41 799-805... 

Milberger, S., Biederman, J., Faraone, S., Chen, L., and Jones, J. (1997) ADHD is associated with early imitation of cigarette smoking in children and adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36 37-43. 

The model is the message. "Children whose parents smoke are more than twice as likely to use cigarettes eventually than are the children of nonsmokers. In the same way, if either parent is a heavy alcohol or drug user, a child is much more likely to become involved in their use, due to both exposure and availability." (See Suggested Reading, Schor, p. 54.)... 

Trying to control the addiction acting like one has the power to stop another person s use (regularly throwing out cigarettes that are found to keep the child nicotine-free, for example). In Al-Anon, they learn the importance of letting go what they can t control. 

Parental attitudes and involvement in drug use, crime, and violence—In famihes where parents involve children in their own alcohol or other drug behavior (e.g., asking the child to Ught the parents cigarette or get the parent a beer), there is an increased risk of later drug abuse by the children. Parental approval of moderate drinking by minors, even under parental supervision, is associated with an increased risk of the use of marijuana by the children. 

An individually administered self-completed questionnaire was used to ascertain the child s use of solvents during the interval between the initial and follow-up assessments. This was preferred to an interview assessment because, as explained above, the follow-up assessments were not conducted blind , and it was felt that it would be difficult to avoid bias in the degree of thoroughness with which the children were questioned if the examiner was aware of the child s prior history of solvent abuse. The questionnaire was administered at the end of the assessment after all of the psychological tests had been done. It included questions about the use of cigarettes, alcohol and solvents during the interval between the initial and follow-up assessments, and the use of cannabis, amphetamines, cocaine, heroin and any other drugs at any time in the past. 

School mental health professionals can also use the mass media to disseminate information related to effective prevention and intervention programs. Over the past decade, a number of researchers have studied how a carefully planned and implemented mass media approach can positively influence children or adolescent behaviors, including cigarette smoking (e.g., Worden et al., 1996), disclosure of child abuse (Hoefnagels Baartman, 1997), and violent behaviors (American Psychological Association, 1999). However, the school mental health professional must be vigilant in these activities to ensure that the media accurately portrays their main points. 

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