Anatomy and Function

The highly vascularized respiratory epithelium is composed of five major cell types ciliated cells, nonciliated cells, columnar cells, goblet cells, and basal cells. Low numbers of neurosecretory cells are present in the basement membrane [17]. Approximately 20% of the total number of cells in the lower turbinate area is ciliated with fine projections ( 100 per cell) on the apical cell surface. Cilia are used to transport the mucus toward the nasopharynx. These long (4-6 fxm) and thin projections are mobile and beat with a frequency of 1,000 strokes per min. Ciliated and nonciliated columnar cells are populated with about 300 microvilli per cell, which help in enlarging the surface area. 

Around 60-70% of the respiratory mucosa is lined with nonciliated cells that are thought to be responsible for high metabolic activity and fluid transport into and out of mucosal cells [17]. 

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Hokfelt, T., Blacker, D., Broberger, C., Herrera-Marschitz, M. and Snyder, G. Some aspects on the anatomy and function of central cholecystokinin systems. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 91 382-386, 2002. 

Nitrogen oxides combustion appliances cooking ETS. irritation of respiratory system and eyes decreased in pulmonary function in asthmatics decreased immune capacily, changes in anatomy and function of lung. 

As we move forward, it will prove helpful to get some basic aspects of the human nervous system in place. An enormous amount of work has gone into making associations between brain anatomy and function. Starting with the three main parts of the brain, we know that the cerebrum is the seat of consciousness. It is divided into two hemispheres, which are linked by the corpus callosum. In a very general sense, the left hemisphere is associated with intellectual and the right hemisphere with emotional responses. Within the cerebrum, one can associate a number of brain areas (the prefrontal, frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes, for example) with functions including vision and hearing. One can make crude maps in which function is mapped onto brain structure. 

Finally, Chapter 14 demonstrates the way in which a discovery by Paul Lauter-bur in 1973 has been developed into a widely applied NMR method for obtaining two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of macroscopic objects and for permitting high resolution NMR spectra to be obtained in localized volumes of such objects. These methods combine many of the techniques discussed in earlier chapters and are of great importance in studying both anatomy and function in... 

A good up-to-date description of liver anatomy and function. 

Ramnani N. The primate cortico-cerebellar system anatomy and function. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 2006 7 511-522. 

Wegner JA. Oxygenator anatomy and function. J. Cardiothorac. Vase. Anesth. 1997 11 275-281. 

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