Chromosome malsegregation

Crebelli R, Benigni R, Franekic J, et al. 1988. Induction of chromosome malsegregation by halogenated organic solvents in Aspergillue nidulans unspecific or specific mechanism Mutat Res 201 401-411. 

Crebelli, R., Andreoli, C., Carere, A., Conti, G., Conti, L., Cotta-Ramusino, M., Benigni, R. The induction of mitotic chromosome malsegregation in Aspergillus nidulans. Quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) analysis with chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons. Mutat. Res. 1992, 266, 117-134. 

Crebelli R, Bellincampi D, Conti G, et al. 1986. A comparative study on selected chemical carcinogens for chromosome malsegregation, mitotic crossing-over and forward mutation induction in Aspergillus nidulans. Mutat Res 172 139-149. 

ANN, Aspergillus nidulans, aneuploidy (chromosome malsegregation) + NT 200 Crebelli et al. (1989)... 

Trichloroethane bound to DNA, RNA and protein and caused strong S-phase induction but not unscheduled DNA synthesis in rodents in vivo. It induced DNA damage and micronuclei in human lymphocytes and cell transformation in BALB/c-3T3 cells in vitro. 1,1,2-Trichloroethane caused chromosomal malsegregation in fungi and showed some evidence of mutagenicity in bacteria. 

In genetic toxicity screening pyridine was not mutagenic in both Salmonella typhimurium and mouse lymphoma cells. Negative results were also observed in sister chromatid exchange studies and no chromosomal aberrations were detected with Chinese hamster ovary cells. More recently it was noted that pyridine induced chromosomal malsegregation and increased nondisjunction in Drosophilia melanogaster females. 

The yeast S. cerevisiae has been widely used for the investigation of basic genetic phenomena, including chromosome malsegregation. 

In comparing results obtained in yeast of mammalian results it should be remembered that there are significant differences in cell division in fungi compared to higher eukaryotes. There are now numerous chemicals that are capable of inducing chromosomal malsegregation in various test systems involving different results. 

It can be stated that yeast, 5. cerevisiae D61.M, can discriminate chemicals inducing only chromosome malsegregation, but not mutation (eg. ETLI and zineb). 

The yeast D61.M assay for mitotic chromosome malsegregation is presently an excellent test system as demonstrated by the good inter-laboratory reproducibility of results [73]. 

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