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Chromium , carcinogenicity

Cohen MD, Kargacin B, Klein CB, et al Mechanisms of chromium carcinogenicity and toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 23 255-281, 1993... [Pg.175]

De Flora S, Serra D, Basso C, et al. 1989. Mechanistic aspects of chromium carcinogenicity Biological monitoring of exposure and the response at the subcellular level to toxic substances. Arch Toxicol Suppl 13 28-39. [Pg.412]

Langard S. 1988. Chromium carcinogenicity A review of experimental animal data. Sci Total Environ 71 341-350. [Pg.436]

Wetterhahn KE, Hamilton JW. 1989. Molecular basis of hexavalent chromium carcinogenicity Effect on gene expression. Sci Total Environ 86 113-129. [Pg.471]

Proctor DM, Otani JM, Finley BL, et al. (2002) Is hexavalent chromium carcinogenic via ingestion A weight-of-evidence review. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health A 65(10) 701-746. [Pg.606]

Mechanisms of chromium carcinogenicity and toxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol 23 255-281. [Pg.451]

Wetterhahn KE, Hamilton JW (1989) Molecular basis of hexavalent chromium carcinogenicity effect on gene expression. Sci Total Environ 86 113-129 Witmer CM, Harris R (1991) Chromium content of bone after oral and intra-peritoneal (ip) administration of chromium (VI) to rats (Abstr). Toxicologist 11 41... [Pg.228]

Sakurai and coworkers developed a novel pharmacokinetic method for the real-time tracking of the blood distribution of paramagnetic species through EPR. Termed blood-circulation monitoring EPR (BCM-EPR), the method was initially developed for study of ascorbic acid radicals [89] and chromium carcinogens [90]. It has proven, however, to be useful for the study of the distribution and elimination of vanadium(rV) species from the bloodstream of live animals following i.v. injection [83]. [Pg.529]

Katz AJ, Chiu A, Beaubier J, Shi X. 2001. Combiniug Drosophila melanogaster somatic mutation-recombination and electron spin resonance spectroscopy data to interpret epidemiologic observations on chromium carcinogenicity. Mol Cell Biochem 222(l-2) 61-68. [Pg.578]

The key to hexavalent chromium s mutagenicity and possible carcinogenicity is the abiHty of this oxidation state to penetrate the cell membrane. The Cr(VI) Species promotes DNA strand breaks and initiates DNA—DNA and DNA-protein cross-links both in cell cultures and in vivo (105,112,128—130). The mechanism of this genotoxic interaction may be the intercellular reduction of Cr(VI) in close proximity to the nuclear membrane. When in vitro reductions of hexavalent chromium are performed by glutathione, the formation of Cr(V) and glutathione thiyl radicals are observed, and these are beHeved to be responsible for the formation of the DNA cross-links (112). [Pg.141]

The NIOSH recommended exposure limit for carcinogenic hexavalent chromium is 1 lg/m Cr(VI) as a 10-h TWA, and for noncarcinogenic Cr(VI) the 10-h TWA is 25 lg/m Cr(VI), including a 15-min maximum exposure of 50 lg/m Cr(VI). According to NIOSH, the noncarcinogenic Cr(VI) compounds are chromic acid and the chromates and dichromates of sodium, potassium, lithium, mbidium, cesium, and ammonia. NIOSH considers any hexavalent chromium compound that does not appear on the preceding Hst carcinogenic (145). [Pg.142]

Recommendations by the ACGIH are classified as threshold limit values (TLV) based on 8-h TWA. Chromium metal and alloys, Cr(II) compounds and Cr(III) compounds, including chromite ore, have a TLV of 0.5 mg/m Cr in air. Water-soluble Cr(VI) compounds have a TLV of 0.05 mg/m Cr. Certain water-insoluble Cr(VI) compounds, ie, the chromates of 2inc, barium, calcium, lead, strontium, sintered chromic acid, and processing chromite ores, also have a TLV of 0.05 mg/m as well as a human carcinogen designation (145). [Pg.142]

The property most frequently cited in connection with the use of Ti dental or medical appHances is titanium s unique biocompatibiHty. This helps practitioners avoid occasional allergic reactions that occur with nickel or chromium alloys, and removes concerns about the toxic or carcinogenic potential of appHances that contain nickel, chromium, or beryUium. Wrought alloys of titanium are used for orthodontic wires because of their unique elastic... [Pg.485]

The unsaturated substituent in the carbene complex 1 often is aromatic or heteroaromatic, but can also be olefinic. The reaction conditions of the Dotz procedure are mild various functional groups are tolerated. Yields are often high. The use of chromium hexacarbonyl is disadvantageous, since this compound is considered to be carcinogenic however to date it cannot be replaced by a less toxic compound. Of particular interest is the benzo-anellation procedure for the synthesis of anthra-cyclinones, which are potentially cytostatic agents. ... [Pg.100]

Chromium, (ri6-benzene)tricarbonyl-stereochemistry nomenclature, 1,131 Chromium complexes, 3,699-948 acetylacetone complex formation, 2,386 exchange reactions, 2,380 amidines, 2,276 bridging ligands, 2,198 chelating ligands, 2,203 anionic oxo halides, 3,944 applications, 6,1014 azo dyes, 6,41 biological effects, 3,947 carbamic acid, 2,450 paddlewheel structure, 2, 451 carboxylic acids, 2,438 trinuclear, 2, 441 carcinogenicity, 3, 947 corroles, 2, 874 crystal structures, 3, 702 cyanides, 3, 703 1,4-diaza-1,3-butadiene, 2,209 1,3-diketones... [Pg.102]

Drinking water and various submixtures National Institute of of the full seven-chemical mixture as a Environmental Health promoter in the carcinogenic process Sciences (arsenic, benzene, chloroform, chromium, lead, trichloroethylene, and phenol) (rats)... [Pg.358]

Under laboratory conditions, chromium is mutagenic, carcinogenic, and teratogenic to a wide variety of organisms, and Cr 6 has the greatest biological activity. However, information is lacking... [Pg.100]

The U.S. Public Health Service (USPHS 1993) recommends that occupational exposure to hexavalent chromium compounds should not exceed 1 pg/m3 air for a 10-h workday and 40-h workweek because all hexavalent chromium compounds are potential carcinogens. Other recommendations include more research on ... [Pg.113]

At high environmental concentrations, chromium is a mutagen, teratogen, and carcinogen... [Pg.116]

Norseth, T. 1981. The carcinogenicity of chromium. Environ. Health Perspect. 40 121-130. [Pg.122]

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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.145 , Pg.152 , Pg.153 ]



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