Cholesterol Sitosterol

Campesterol, cholesterol, sitosterol, stigmastcrol Growth factors... 

Glycolipids that contain sterol residues occur in the plant kingdom. In steryl D-glucosides and their O-acyl derivatives, D-glucosyl groups are attached to 0-3 of several types of sterols,397-404 for example, cam-pesterol, cholesterol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol. 

Japanese Patent 30915 (1964) Derwent Abstr. 19, 293). Degradation of cholesterol, sitosterol, or stigmasterol by Corynebacterium simplex and other known 1-dehydrogenating species, in the presence of agents which chelate copper or iron, to give 4-androstene 3,17-dione, l,4-androstadiene-3,17-dione, and other products. 

This study clearly evidences that all the plant sterols tested are able to regulate the membrane fluidity of soybean PC vesicles, with the sterol competence (above 10 mol %) following the order stigmasterol< 24-methyl-pollinastanol - (24R)-methylcholesterol< cholesterol< sitosterol. Further work would be to investigate if such differences in the behavior of the various sterols have a functional significance. 

NOTE Animals were fed for 28 days. N, normal diet HC, high cholesterol diet (1.0% cholesterol) Sitosterol, HC plus 1.0% p-sitosterol PET-1, HC plus 1.0% Pu-Erh tea aqueous extract PET-2, HC plus 2.0% Pu-Erh tea aqueous extract. Results are shown as mean S.D. Data with same superscript in the same row were not significantly different (p>0.05). 

Total sterols cholesterol 24-methyl cholesterol sitosterol ... 

In milk fat, cholesterol is associated with Hpoproteins in the milk fat globule. It is also a component of animal membranes and controls rigidity and permeabihty of the membranes. Cholesterol has interesting surface properties and can occur in Hquid crystalline forms. Plants contain sterols such as P-sitosterol [83-46-5] (4b) or stigmasterol [83-48-7] (4c). Their functions in plant metaboHsm are not yet well understood. Analysis of sterols has proven useful for detection of adulteration of edible fats (9). 

Processing Raw Materials. Along with the aforementioned chemical methods of processing steroid raw materials, microbial transformations have been and are used in a number of commercial degradation processes. The microbial degradation of the C17 side chain of the two most common sterols, cholesterol (2) and P-sitosterol (41), is a principal commercial method for the preparation of starting materials in Japan and the... 

The rate of side-chain cleavage of sterols is limited by the low solubiUty of substrates and products and thek low transport rates to and from cells. Cyclodextrins have been used to increase the solubiUties of these compounds and to assist in thek cellular transport. Cyclodextrins increase the rate and selectivity of side-chain cleavage of both cholesterol and P-sitosterol with no effect on cell growth. Optimal conditions have resulted in enhancement of molar yields of androsta-l,4-diene-3,17-dione (92) from 35—40% to >80% in the presence of cyclodextrins (120,145,146,155). 

The practical development of plant sterol drugs as cholesterol-lowering agents will depend both on structural features of the sterols themselves and on the form of the administered agent. For example, the unsaturated sterol sitosterol is poorly absorbed in the human intestine, whereas sitostanol, the saturated analog, is almost totally unabsorbable. In addition, there is evidence that plant sterols administered in a soluble, micellar form (see page 261 for a description of micelles) are more effective in blocking cholesterol absorption than plant sterols administered in a solid, crystalline form. 

Assume that you have a culture of a Mycobacterium sp which is able to use cholesterol or -sitosterol as its sole source of carbon and energy. 

Lipids, e.g. sitosterol, geraniol, dolichol, squalene, cholesterol 200 C, 15 min Induced fluorescence detection limits <1 pg cholesterol. [3]... 

Cholesterol is probably the best known steroid because of its association with atherosclerosis. However, biochemically it is also of significance because it is the precursor of a large number of equally important steroids that include the bile acids, adrenocortical hormones, sex hormones, D vitamins, cardiac glycosides, sitosterols of the plant kingdom, and some alkaloids. 

Members of the family Amaranthaceae are known to produce ecdysteroids such as 8-ecdysone (19) and inocosterone (20). From petroleum ether extracts of Amaranthus splnosus Linn. Behari and Andhiwal (21) obtained 8-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (3), campesterol and cholesterol. From the roots of the same species, Banerji (22) isolated two new saponins, a diglucoside and a triglucoside of o-spinasterol. More recently, Roy et al. (23)... 

---