Chlorpromazine marketing

In the late 1980s, clozapine a chlorpromazine like compound with a multiplicity of effects was rediscovered and termed an atypical neuroleptic. It appears to be the only genuinely atypical agent - that is an agent with significant beneficial treatment effects in the absence of EPS (see Wahlbeck et ah, 1999). A second generation of antipsychotics have succeeded clozapine been marketed as being atypical. 

This bona fide antipsychotic property of chlorpromazine was established especially by two German studies, which looked at the dose dependence of the effect. Clinical use of this antipsychotic property of chlorpromazine spread between 1953 and 1955 through Europe to America via Canada where it was marketed by Smith Kline under the trade name Thorazine. Laborit can therefore claim to be the father of psychopharmacology, now a massive endeavor and industry, built upon the foundation of a poor antihistamine ... 

Drugs that meet one or more of the criteria given above and have been shown to exhibit significant differences in the bioavailability of marketed dosage forms include digoxin, quinidine, furosemide, nitrofurantoin, prednisone, chloramphenicol, theophylline, chlorpromazine, phenytoin, amitriptyline, and phenylbutazone. 

The vast majority of salt forms are developed to enhance the aqueous solubihty of drug substances. In some cases, a salt may be preferred with reduced solubihty for use in suspension formulations where solubihty as low as possible is optimum to prevent Ostwald ripening, for taste masking or to prepare a sustained release product. Chlorpromazine is marketed as a tablet and syrup using the hydrochloride salt but the insoluble embonate salt is used in suspension formulations to extend the duration of achon and minimize taste problems. Occasionahy the selection of a salt with only modest aqueous solubihty may be more suitable for use in tablet products prepared by wet granulation. For example, prochlorperazine maleate is used in Stemehl tablets rather than the highly soluble mesylate salt. 

The drug company. Smith Kline French, first marketed chlorpromazine as a treatment for vomiting. Clinical trials in patients with mental illness were then conducted in state mental hospitals by Pierre Deniker who obtained miraculous results. In 1954, two years after chlorpromazine, reserpine was introduced into dinical practice. 

Many of the naturally occurring tricyclic thiazines are essentially naphtho analogues of the benzothiazines discussed in the previous section, and are isolated mainly from bacterial or marine sources, although the best-known tricyclic thiazine is the phenothiazine chlorpromazine. This compound, 2-chloro-l 0-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)phenothiazine developed in the early 1950s was one of the first antipsychotic drugs on the market, and although it is claimed to be a natural product (03MI05), the evidence is extremely weak, and therefore it is not included here. 

MAOIs and phenothiazines have been safe and effective when used together in the treatment of psychiatric conditions, particularly in the form ofa preparation containing both tranylcypromine and trifluoperazine, " which is still marketed in some countries. There is also a report of the beneficial use of tranylcypromine with chlorpromazine. ... 

The activity of a benzothiadiazine (XXXI) was gported as comparable to chlorpromazine in animal experiments. Initial clinical trials indicated promise that the imidazoline XXXII might be a worthwhile antidepressant, A review on the therapeutic use of lithium carbonate in the treatment of mania, excitement, epilepsy and premenstral tension has been given by Noyes. This compound has just been approved for introduction on the U.S, market (April, 1970). 

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