Chlorine cylinder design

However, there have been stories at inter-plant safety meetings that steam hoses created dangerous modifications. It seems that individuals who were unfamiliar with one-ton chlorine cylinder design placed steam hoses exhausting directly onto the portable cylinders to increase chlorine vaporization. 

A chlorine cylinder design includes three fuse plugs (which melt at 165° F or 74° C) in each end. The heat from steam reportedly melted the plugs and the chlorine escaped through 3/8-inch (0.9 cm) diameter orifices. (See Chapter 3 for details.) (A tragedy also occurred when a steam hose was used on an ice cream refrigeration unit in Chapter 4.)... 

Corrosive fluids or contaminants must be identified to the manufacturer. The principle gas stream may or may not be corrosive under some set of circumstances, yet the contaminants might require considerable attention in cylinder design. For example, considerable difference exists between handling bone-dry pure chlorine gas and the same material with 5 ppm moisture. The corrosiveness of the gas must be considered when selecting lubrication materials for the compression parts as well as seals, lubricants, etc. 

These kits are designed to control most leaks in chlorine shipping containers. Kit A is for chlorine cylinders Kit B for ton containers, and Kit C for tank cars and tank trucks. Many customers have found it advisable to purchase kits and train employees in their use. Additional information is available from the Chlorine Institute. [7]... 

A special case involves the plugging of leaks in pressurized shipping containers. For example, The Chlorine Institute has developed a series of emergency kits designed to contain most leaks encountered in shipping containers, including ton cylinders, road tankers, and rail cars (The Chlorine Institute, 1969). Figure 5.4 shows this kit. 

Each chlorine ton cylinder has three fusible plugs on each end of the tank to protect it from over-temperature. These plugs are designed to melt between 158° and 165° F (70° to 74° C). They are designed to protect the tank from overpressure if the cylinder is accidentally... 

A cylinder of chlorine gas (Cl2) is stored in a concrete-lined room for safety. The cylinder is designed to withstand 50 atm of pressure. 

Expansion chambers should be fitted and installed in accord with Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 6. They are designed for a pressure of3,300 kPa. Larger chambers and welded small chambers should be designed to ASME VIII. Smaller units can be fabricated from seamless drawn cylinder in accord with local regulations or from pipe and fittings as recommended by the Chlorine Institute. Fittings usually are of forged carbon steel. 

Apply the appropriate Chlorine Institute Emergency Kit or place the cylinder in a recovery vessel designed to contain the lead. See section on Emergency Kits. 

Chlorine Institute Emergency Kits and cylinder recovery vessels are designed to contain most leaks encountered in chlorine shipping containers. The following kits and recovery vessels are available ... 

Chlorine recovery vessels are commercially available equipment designed to hold an entire cylinder. A leaking cylinder can be placed in a recovery vessel, which is then closed, thus containing the leak. The chlorine can then be recaptured from the recovery vessel. 

Commercial chlorine is transported as a liquid, either in small containers (cylinders and drums) or in bulk (road and rail tankers, barges, and ISO containers). The design, construction, system of labeling, inspection, and commissioning are covered by national and international regulations [228]. Cylinders have a chlorine content up to 70 kg. A protective hood is provided to cover the valve during transport. The ton containers (drums) have a capacity of 500 - 3000 kg of chlorine. Drums are equipped with two valves near the center of one end and connected with internal eductor pipes. 

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