Chlorine escape

The checkers used tank chlorine obtained from the Ohio Chemical and Surgical Equipment Company, Detroit, Michigan. The gas was dried with concentrated sulfuric acid and used with no further purification. The rate of chlorine addition was regulated so that no chlorine escaped from the carbon tetrachloride solution. After 1.5-2.0 hours, 27-33 g. of chlorine was absorbed. The submitters generated chlorine by the action of concentrated hydrochloric acid on potassium permanganate. 

A chlorine cylinder design includes three fuse plugs (which melt at 165° F or 74° C) in each end. The heat from steam reportedly melted the plugs and the chlorine escaped through 3/8-inch (0.9 cm) diameter orifices. (See Chapter 3 for details.) (A tragedy also occurred when a steam hose was used on an ice cream refrigeration unit in Chapter 4.)... 

The best results are obtained if two thirds of the total hypochlorite content is present in the form of free acid, Avhieh corresponds to a concentration of hydrogen ions in the solution pH — 6 to 7 according to the sodium chloride concentration in the brine and according to temperature. Because, a small amount of chlorine escapes into the ambient atmosphere, hydrochloric acid must be gradually added in small quantities to the electrolyte during the process. 

A = 5180.4, B = 7.5499, and K = absolute temperature. Calculate the critical depth in meters below which any chlorine escaping from the gradually corroding cars would do so more safely as a liquid. Temperature and density of the seawater in the area are 10°C and 1.025 g/ml, respectively. 

Sodium hydroxide is produced commercially simultaneously with chlorine gas by the electrolysis of a sodium chloride solution. In this process, an electric current breaks down sodium chloride into its component elements, sodium and chlorine. The chlorine escapes as a gas, while the sodium metal form reacts with water to form sodium hydroxide ... 

The diaphragm is not a pressure-protective device the breaking pin serves that function. The process-side diaphragm and another one mounted at the top of the valve are there to prevent corrosion by exposure to process gas or the atmosphere. When the set pressure is exceeded, the pin breaks and the valve opens. The upper diaphragm then breaks, and chlorine escapes. When the pressure returns to a safe value, the valve closes and then functions as a standard spring-loaded relief valve until the breaking pin and diaphragms can be replaced. 

One of the advantages of the fault tree method is its adaptability to mathematical analysis. The probabilities of the basic events at the bottom of the tree must be known or estimated. Analysis then moves up the tree with the aid of Boolean algebra. We are interested in two possible relationships between events leading to a step up the tree. First, either of the two events may suffice. Chlorine escapes when its rate of flow is too high OR the rate of supply of NaOH is too low. Either failure causes a gas release even if the... 

If a chlorine container is leaking in such a position that chlorine is escaping as a liquid, the container should be turned if possible so that chlorine gas escapes instead. The quantity of chlorine escaping from a gas leak is about one-fifteenth the amount that escapes from a liquid leak through the same size hole. Leaks at valve stems are often stopped by tightening the valve packing nuts or closing the valve. 

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