Chlorine alkali absorption

There have been a number of cell designs tested for this reaction. Undivided cells using sodium bromide electrolyte have been tried (see, for example. Ref. 29). These have had electrode shapes for in-ceU propylene absorption into the electrolyte. The chief advantages of the electrochemical route to propylene oxide are elimination of the need for chlorine and lime, as well as avoidance of calcium chloride disposal (see Calcium compounds, calcium CHLORIDE Lime and limestone). An indirect electrochemical approach meeting these same objectives employs the chlorine produced at the anode of a membrane cell for preparing the propylene chlorohydrin external to the electrolysis system. The caustic made at the cathode is used to convert the chlorohydrin to propylene oxide, reforming a NaCl solution which is recycled. Attractive economics are claimed for this combined chlor-alkali electrolysis and propylene oxide manufacture (135). 

Absorption of carbon dioxide in weak alkali 3. Absorption of chlorine in water... 

The alkali metals are commonly separated from all other elements except chlorine before gravimetric determination. In the absence of other alkaUes, sodium maybe weighed as the chloride or converted to the sulfate and weighed. Well-known gravimetric procedures employ precipitation as the uranji acetate of sodium—2inc or sodium—magnesium. Quantitative determination of sodium without separation is frequendy possible by emission or atomic-absorption spectrometric techniques. 

Yellow monoclinic prisms from water Or petr ether. Penetrating odor resembling that of chlorine. Irritating vapors, dj 1.318. mp 115.7. Sublimes [sublimation velocities is vacuo Kempf, J. Praia. Chem. [2] 78, 236 (1908)], Volatile with steam. Absorption spectrum Hantzsch, Ber. 49, 522 (1916). Dipole moment 0,67. Polemic Over correct values Paoloni, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 00, 3879 (1958). Slightly sol in water sol in alcohol, ether, hot petr ether, alkalies. LDW orally in rats 130 mg/kg, Woodard et al. Fed. Proc. 8, 348 (1949). 

There is little that is new this year on the photochemistry of polychlorobiphenyls, except that the differing selectivity towards chlorine loss in neutral or alkaline solution (reported previously for polychlorobenzenes) is confirmed for biphenyls. The major difference is that the preference for loss of ortho-C in neutral solution becomes a competition between ortho- and para-C loss in the presence of alkali. Polychlorobiphenyls are used as examples in a paper that gives equations to determine quantum yields in solution for situations where products act as inner filters in competing for light absorption. 

Magnanini studied the absorption spectrum and A. Speransky found that the electrical conductivity of aq. soln. shows that only a small proportion of the salt is ionized. The soln. of the violet modification conducts electricity three times better than that of the green. G. Gore electrolyzed a cone. soln. of chromic fluoride acidified with hydrofluoric and hydrochloric acids, and found that the liquid became hot no gas was liberated at the cathode, but chlorine and ozone were liberated at the platinum anode which was not corroded. C. Poulenc showed that the salt is reduced by hydrogen at dull redness. The heat of formation is 230-95 Cals, per mol—vide infra, the dichloride. Steam transforms chromic fluoride into chromic oxide. Chromic fluoride is insoluble in water, and alcohol hydrogen chloride transforms it into chromic chloride hot hydrochloric, sulphuric, and nitric acids attack chromic fluoride only a little hydrogen sulphide converts it into black sulphide and molten alkali nitrate or carbonate converts it into chromate. A. Costachescu prepared complex pyridine salts. 

In 1962, Sugano showed that the Seitz model (115) could be interpreted as a molecular orbital model (123), an interpretation that clarifies analysis of these systems. In this interpretation, the absorption bands observed in the TI(I) doped alkali halide system come from the electronic transition aigf a g) hu), but the excited states are still calculated assuming an ionic interaction between the metal and the hgand. Since the thallium-chlorine bond is actually largely covalent, Bramanti et al. (118) modified the approach and used a semiempirical molecular orbital (MO) calculation to describe the energy levels of T1(I) doped KCl. Molecular orbitals were constructed by the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) method from the 6s and 6p metal orbitals and the 3p chlorine orbitals. Initial calculations were conducted with the one-electron approximation the method was then expanded to include Coulomb and spin-orbit interactions. The results of Bramanti et al. were consistent with experimental... 

PPO has excellent resistance to most aqueous reagents and is unaffected by acids, alkalis, and detergents. The polymer has outstanding hydrolytic stability and has one of the lowest water absorption rates among the engineering thermoplastics. PPO is soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons and chlorinate solvents. Several aliphatic hydrocarbons cause environmental stress cracking. 

Air pollution control (APC) alkali absorber Induced draught fans for areas of chlorine handling area, near electrolytic cells This is required for the absorption of free chlorine/HCl and for removal of any CI2 leak HCl gas will be released in the atmosphere working area becomes suffocating and dangerous if CI2 is not removed Keep gas detectors for CI2, HCl 200 % spares for absorber and ID fans... 

T. F. O Brien and I. F White, Design and Operation of Emergency Chlorine Absorption Systems. In T. C. Wellington (ed.), Modem Chlor-Alkali Technology, vol. 5, Elsevier Applied Science, London (1992), p. 239. 

The major dyestuffs and intermediates manufacturing firms in Britain have their production factories in Lancashire, Yorkshire and the Scottish midlands. In the north of England choice of site was originally determined by adequacy of canal, road and rail communications, proximity to the chief centres of the cotton and wool industries (and to the alkali and chlorine industries stemming from the Cheshire salt deposits). The first step in environmental control was the Alkali Act of 1863 requiring the absorption of HCl gas from... 

A simple absorption system consists of a suitable tank capable of holding the required alkaline solution. The alkali should be stored in a form such that a solution can readily be prepared when needed. After the solution is prepared, the chlorine can be passed from the container into the solution through a connection weighted to hold the outlet of the transfer hose or pipe beneath the level of the solution. Do not immerse the container. Caution When absorbing chlorine in alkaline solutions, the heat of reaction is substantial. Caustic solutions can cause burns to personnel The process should be monitored to ensure the absorption is controlled as to heat and reaction. Do not boil the solution or exceed the capacity of the reaction. 

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