Alkenes chloride

Other polymerisation incidents are f Acrylaldehyde, 1145 Acrylamide, 1180 Acrylic acid, 1148 Acrylic acid, Initiator, Water, 1148 f Acrylonitrile, 1107 f Acrylonitrile, Initiators, 1107 f Acrylonitrile, Silver nitrate, 1107 f Acryloyl chloride, 1093 Allyl 4-toluenesulfonate, 3315 Aluminium chloride, Alkenes, 0062 3 - Aminopropiononitrile f Aziridine, Acids, 0863... 

Examples of runaway reactions may be found in the entries Aluminium chloride, Alkenes, 0062... 

Alkynes are usually alkylated under strongly basic conditions. Gregory Fu of MIT recently reported (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 125 13642, 2003) a much milder Pd and Cu mediated coupling, illustrated by the reaction of the terminal alkyne 7 with the alkyl iodide 8 to give 9. Alkyl bromides work equally well. It is exciting that ketones, esters, alkyl chlorides, alkenes, nitriles and acetals are compatible with the procedure. The key to the reaction is the use of the supporting carbene ligand 10. 

Mixtures of ethylene and aluminium chloride, initially at 30—60 bar, rapidly heat and explode in presence of supported nickel catalysts, methyl chloride or nitromethane. See Aluminium chloride Alkenes... 

Benzenesulfenyl chloride alkene adducts may be transformed to many useful molecules. Intermediates, such as (3), can be treated with base to pi uce vinyl or allyl sulfi s (equation 2). Alternatively, the adducts can be oxidized and treated with base to yield vinyl sulfones in high overall yield (equation 3). The thiirane intermediates or adducts, i.e. (3), may be alkylated with alkyl-titanium and -aluminum reagents which replace the chloride substituent with retention of configuration. 

CH2CI2/ACCI (2 1) system as shown in equation (3). This procedure provides a method which may avoid the over-oxidation of products. Shaipkss has proposed a chromyl chloride-alkene >iT-complex as an intermediate in terms of its cis addition. A coordinated alkene (8) probably adds to a chlorine-chromium bond to produce an alkykhromium intermediate (9 cis chlorination), which gives chlorohydrin... 

Both anhydrous and hydrated sodium or potassium sulfide in ethanol have been used in the synthesis of thietanes. A common procedure is to use a solution of sodium or potassium hydroxide saturated with hydrogen sulfide. Liquid ammonia has been used as a solvent for the preparation of thietane (32%) from sodium sulfide and 1,3-dibromopropane. Phase-transfer catalysis has been used to good effect.A variation in which l,3-dichloro-3-methylbutane 3 is treated with aluminium chloride and hydrogen sulfide followed by aqueous sodium hydroxide gave 2,2-dimethylthietane 4 in 90% yield. An intermediate aluminium chloride-alkene complex, 5 or 6, was proposed. 

Bimetallic (Pt—Cu or Pt—Ru) precursors supported on active carbon of high surface area (1100-1300 m ) have also been recommended as novel effective catalysts in the hydrosilylation of allyl chloride, alkenes, and trifluoropropene in industrial processes (129). 

At room temperature the Sml2-H20 system rapidly reduces carboxylic acids, esters, amides, nitriles, chlorides, alkenes, nitro compounds and heteroaromatic rings [90]. Some examples are reported in Table 6.12. 

---