Chloride Ion Exchange Resin

Diallyl Nortoxiferine Dilodide Chloride Ion Exchange Resin... 

Canrenoate potassium Carprofen Cloprednol Dydrogesterone Chloride ion exchange resin Alcuronium chloride Chlorine... 

Acetaldehyde can be isolated and identified by the characteristic melting points of the crystalline compounds formed with hydrazines, semicarbazides, etc these derivatives of aldehydes can be separated by paper and column chromatography (104,113). Acetaldehyde has been separated quantitatively from other carbonyl compounds on an ion-exchange resin in the bisulfite form the aldehyde is then eluted from the column with a solution of sodium chloride (114). In larger quantities, acetaldehyde may be isolated by passing the vapor into ether, then saturating with dry ammonia acetaldehyde—ammonia crystallizes from the solution. Reactions with bisulfite, hydrazines, oximes, semicarb azides, and 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione [126-81 -8] (dimedone) have also been used to isolate acetaldehyde from various solutions. 

Nearly all commercial acetylations are realized using acid catalysts. Catalytic acetylation of alcohols can be carried out using mineral acids, eg, perchloric acid [7601-90-3], phosphoric acid [7664-38-2], sulfuric acid [7664-93-9], benzenesulfonic acid [98-11-3], or methanesulfonic acid [75-75-2], as the catalyst. Certain acid-reacting ion-exchange resins may also be used, but these tend to decompose in hot acetic acid. Mordenite [12445-20-4], a decationized Y-zeohte, is a useful acetylation catalyst (28) and aluminum chloride [7446-70-0], catalyzes / -butanol [71-36-3] acetylation (29). 

The peroxycarboxyhc acid can be generated m situ by autoxidation of aldehydes, either in the presence of anhydrides or an acyl chloride and a base, eg, sodium carbonate, or basic ion-exchange resins (44,187,188,210) ... 

The catalysts used in the industrial alkylation processes are strong Hquid acids, either sulfuric acid [7664-93-9] (H2SO or hydrofluoric acid [7664-39-3] (HE). Other strong acids have been shown to be capable of alkylation in the laboratory but have not been used commercially. Aluminum chloride [7446-70-0] (AlCl ) is suitable for the alkylation of isobutane with ethylene (12). Super acids, such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid [1493-13-6] also produce alkylate (13). SoHd strong acid catalysts, such as Y-type zeoHte or BE -promoted acidic ion-exchange resin, have also been investigated (14—16). 

Magnesium is removed from brines of the Great Salt Lake in the form of magnesium chloride. This is then used to make elemental magnesium, dust suppressants, and bischofite flake. Magnesium chloride is also used in drilling mud, ion-exchange resins, oxi-chloral cements, fertilizers, and miscellaneous industrial uses. 

Brine Preparation. Rock salt and solar salt (see Chemicals frombrine) can be used for preparing sodium chloride solution for electrolysis. These salts contain Ca, Mg, and other impurities that must be removed prior to electrolysis. Otherwise these impurities are deposited on electrodes and increase the energy requirements. The raw brine can be treated by addition of sodium carbonate and hydroxide to reduce calcium and magnesium levels to below 10 ppm. If further reduction in hardness is required, an ion-exchange resin can be used. A typical brine specification for the Huron chlorate ceU design is given in Table 6. 

A variety of waxy hydrophobic hydrocarbon-based soHd phases are used including fatty acid amides and sulfonamides, hydrocarbon waxes such as montan wax [8002-53-7], and soHd fatty acids and esters. The amides are particularly important commercially. One example is the use of ethylenediamine distearamide [110-30-5] as a component of latex paint and paper pulp blackHquor defoamer (11). Hydrocarbon-based polymers are also used as the soHd components of antifoaming compositions (5) examples include polyethylene [9002-88-4], poly(vinyl chloride) [9002-86-2], and polymeric ion-exchange resins. 

The amino acid and the ammonium chloride may conveniently be separated by passing through a column of ion-exchange resins. The amino acid melts at 195°C. 

Exhausted liquid ion exchangers may be regenerated in an analogous manner to ion exchange resins, e.g. Amberlite LA.l saturated with nitrate ions can be converted to the chloride form by treatment with excess sodium chloride solution. 

Part of a softener regeneration process whereby the cation ion exchange resin is converted to the sodium form by the application of a, typically, 10 to 15% W/V strength of brine (sodium chloride). 

N-Methylimidazole is then removed from the reaction mixture with Amberlyst 15 ion exchange resin (Note 9) using the following procedure. To a 2-cm diameter column equipped with a glass frit (Note 1) is added 7 g of Amberlyst 15, which is rinsed with 25 mL of methylene chloride. The reaction mixture is added and the resin mixture is rinsed with 50 mL of methylene chloride. The filtrate is collected in a 250-mL flask (Note 10) and the solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator to afford 1.63-1.66 g (96-98%) of the desired ester 1 as a deep red foam. HPLC analysis showed a purity of 98% (Notes 11, 12, 13, 14). 

In connection with the content of this section, dynamic features of ion transports through polyvinyl chloride membranes [27,28], ion-exchange resin membranes [29,30], or BLMs [31-36] have been discussed in the light of VCTTMs. For wide and pertinent applications of the VCTTM, however, further investigations have been required on the experimental and theoretical methods to analyze VCTTM quantitatively. 

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