Chlamydia infections treatment

When diagnosing and treating gonorrhea, assume co-infection with Chlamydia trachomatis treatment recommendations should cover both organisms. 

The most effective agent in the treatment of Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia infections is... 

The answer is b. (Hardman, p 1128.) Tetracycline is one of the drugs of choice in the treatment of Rickettsia, Mycoplasma, and Chlamydia infections. The antibiotics that act by inhibiting cell-wall synthesis have no effect on Mycoplasma because the organism does not possess a cell wall penicillin G, vancomycin, and bacitracin will be ineffective. Gentamicin has little or no antimicrobial activity with these organisms. 

Treatment failures are usually caused by reinfection and necessitate patient education and sex-partner referral additional treatment regimens for gonorrhea and chlamydia infections should be administered. Epididymitis should be treated for todays (see Table 121-8... 

Although the clinical usefulness of tetracyclines is limited for most of the common microbial pathogens, they remain drugs of choice (or very effective alternative therapy) for a wide variety of infections caused by less common pathogens. These include brucellosis rickettsial infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus, and Q fever Mycoplasma pneumonia cholera plague Ureaplasma urethritis Chlamydia infections and Lyme disease. Oral doxycycline, 100 mg orally twice a day for 7 days, is a recommended treatment for chlamydial sexually transmitted disease. 

All recommended treatment regimens for gonorrhea also include antibiotic therapy directed against Chlamydia because of the high prevalence of coexisting Chlamydia infections in patients diagnosed with gonorrhea. 

Pregnant women infected with N. gonorrhoeae should be treated with either a cephalosporin or spectinomycin, because fluoroquinolones are contraindicated. Azithromycin or amoxicillin is the preferred treatment for presumed Chlamydia trachomatis infection. 

Clotrimazole is an imidazole antifungal agent indicated for the treatment of fungal infections caused by Candida albicans. The administration of clotrimazole would be of no use in the treatment of infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoea, Staphylcoccus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. 

Doxycyline is a tetracycline antibiotic. All tetracylines are bacteriostatic, have a broad spectrum and are the treatment of choice for infections caused by Chlamydia and Rickettsia and in brucellosis. Doxycyline and minocyline are the only two tetracyclines that may be administered in renal impairment. 

Acute salpingitis (pelvic inflammatory disease) due to Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Chlamydia trachomatis, or both is often complicated by superinfection with gramnegative bacilli and anaerobes. A combination of gentamicin, clindamycin, and doxycycline has been shown to be an effective treatment for this polymicrobial infection. 

It is indicated in the treatment of lower respiratory tract infection e.g. bronchitis and pneumonia, upper respiratory tract infections e.g. pharyngitis and sinusitis, infections due to chlamydia, legionella and mycoplasma, skin and soft tissue infections and eradication of H. pylori with acid suppressants. 

Some publications desaibed successful use of Enterosgel for treatment of systemic osteoporosis in post-menopausal women [83], reactive arthritis associated with chlamydia or/and yersiniosis infections [84], and severe forms of acute pneumonia in children [85, 86]. 

Levofloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and moxifloxacin, so-called respiratory fluoroquinolones, with their enhanced gram-positive activity and activity against atypical pneumonia agents (eg, chlamydia, mycoplasma, and legionella), are effective and used increasingly for treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. 

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