Chitin sulphate

Pancreatic ribonuclease is markedly inhibited by heparinoids but not by mucopolysaccharides, with sulphated polyvinyl alcohol >sulphated corn amylosOsulphated cellulose > sulphated corn amylopectin> sulphated dextran, sulphated pectic acid, polyvinyl sulphonate with 2 T 7 per cent sulphur>sulphated nitro chitin, sulphated nitro chitosan and heparin . Single injections of heparin in mice result in significant inhibition of the acid alkaline ribonuclease of the liver after the injection. This probably explains the accumulation of ribonucleic acid in tissue culture cells in the presence of heparin. Heparin also inhibits rat acid phosphatase, glucuronidase , catalase , fumarase and elastase. 

Typical derivatives of chitin (1) and chitosan (2) [67] alkali-chitin (3), O-acylchitin (4), O-carboxymethylchitin (5), O-hydroxyethylchitin (6), chitin O-sulphate (7), chitin O-phosphate (8), chitosan salt (9), /V-acylchitosan (10), /V-carboxymethylchitosan (11), trialkylammonium salt (12)... 

Carbonate radical is generated by the reaction of OH radical with carbonate ion and bicarbonate ion [reaction (19)(20)], so this experiment was done under N20 saturation[reaction (9)]. Carbonate radical has an absorption peak at 600 nm. As well as hydrated electron and sulphate radical, the rate constant of the reaction of carbonate radical with polymer chains[reaction (21)] can be calculated from estimating the slope of the pseudo first-order decay rate of the absorbance at 600 nm against polymer concentration. Then, the rate constants with CM-chitin and CM-chitosan, CM-cellulose were determined as (3.9 6.4)x 105[MXs l](Figure 8). These values are lower than the value of OH radical and sulphate radical, and so this shows carbonate radical is less oxidative than OH radical and sulphate radical. Focusing the rate constants of CM-chitosan, the value at around pH 9.5 is lower than over pH 10. This is because of pKa of amino group, protonation and unprotonation. For a weak reactivity of carbonate radicals, it can be assumed that carbonate radical have a selectivity attacking polymer chains. 

The common natural ami nopolysaccharides include chitin, chitosan, keratan sulphate, hyaluronic acid, chondroitin and dermatan sulphates, heparin and blood group substances. 

While chitin and chitosan contain hydroxyl, amino and acetyl groups, the others contain also carboxyl and sulphate groups. 

Mammalian Polysaccharides Glycosaminoglycans (hyaluronic acid or hyaluronan, Chondroitin sulphate), gelatin and heparin sulfate, chitin and chitosan... 

A /S-D-2-acetamido-2-deoxyhexosidase (mol. wt. 1.20—1.45 x 10 ) purified from the digestive gland of a terrestial mollusc Helicella ericetorum has been shown to exhibit e c/o-/3-D-acetamido-2-deoxyglycanase activity on natural substrates such as ovalbumin, ovomucoid, chondroitin-4-sulphate, chitin, and hyaluronic acid. ... 

Animal origin Chitin and chitosan, Chondrotin sulphate, Hyaluronic acid. Gelatin... 

Amino sugars are a class of carbohydrates which contains an amine group in place of a hydroxyl group. These include glucosamine, chitin, chitosan, hyaluronan and chondroitin sulphate. 

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