Sulphur, sulphates

The method [97] discussed in section 12.8.1.1 for the determination of sulphur in soils has been applied to lake sediments. Landers [97] also determined organic sulphur (carbon bonded sulphur and ester sulphate) and inorganic sulphur (sulphate and sulphide) in lake sediments. Some results... 

Method 65, p. 158. Bicarbonate extractable phosphorus extractable in soil Method 76, p. 183. Sulphur, sulphate in soil... 

Recent work by Wilson Orr ( ) and others using stable isotope techniques has provided strong evidence that incorporation from an inorganic source is the most probable explanation. Inorganic sulphur (sulphate) tends to be richer in the heavy sulphur isotope, compared with reference meteoritic sulphur... 

Lithium thiosulphate, Li2S203.—The trihydrate, Li2S203,3H20, is prepared by the interaction of barium thiosulphate and lithium sulphate in aqueous solution.7 Heating eliminates the water of crystallization, and then decomposes the anhydrous substance into sulphur, sulphate, and sulphide. The salt is very deliquescent. 

He used spectrochemical techniques to study the composition of burnished molybdenum disulphide films from preparation to eventual failure. He found that the film surface at failure contained little molybdenum disulphide but contained molybdic oxide, sulphur, sulphate and iron compounds. In the presence of antimony trioxide, however, there was preferential oxidation of the antimony trioxide to the tetroxide Sb204. On heating a mixture of molybdenum disulphide and antimony trioxide in air at 500 C and 600 C, he found by X-ray diffraction that the products were mixtures of molybdenum disulphide and antimony tetroxide. Neither molybdic oxide M0O3 nor antimony trioxide was present. When molybdenum disulphide alone was heated under the same conditions, it was almost completely converted to molybdic oxide. 

Mixtures of potassium chlorate with sulphur, sulphates or sulphides are to be avoided at all times. Chlorates should never be mixed with ammonium salts as lies combination is said to be liable to spontaneous combustion. 

Palmer, M.R., Helvad, C. Fallick, A.E. (2004) Sulphur, sulphate oxygen and strontium isotope composition of Cenozoic Turkish evaporites. Chemical Geology 209, 341-356. 

Pancreatic ribonuclease is markedly inhibited by heparinoids but not by mucopolysaccharides, with sulphated polyvinyl alcohol >sulphated corn amylosOsulphated cellulose > sulphated corn amylopectin> sulphated dextran, sulphated pectic acid, polyvinyl sulphonate with 2 T 7 per cent sulphur>sulphated nitro chitin, sulphated nitro chitosan and heparin . Single injections of heparin in mice result in significant inhibition of the acid alkaline ribonuclease of the liver after the injection. This probably explains the accumulation of ribonucleic acid in tissue culture cells in the presence of heparin. Heparin also inhibits rat acid phosphatase, glucuronidase , catalase , fumarase and elastase. 

Sulphuric (Sulphate of Sulphurous Mercury. Acid. Mercury). Anhydride. Water. 

If you look in the Oxford English dictionary you will see sulphur (along with sulphuric, sulphate. ..). These are peculiarly British spellings, and it was agreed some years ago that chemists the world over should use a uniform spelling sulfur. ... 

The situation at the metal interface, i.e. under a deposit or oxide scale where the oxygen partial pressure is low is shown in Fig. 24.12(a) and the situation at the gas interface, i.e. at the top of a deposit or oxide scale where the oxygen partial pressure is higher, is shown in Fig. 24.12(b). In both cases the levels of Cl, S, and K are held constant and the temperature varied. It is to be noted that these conditions will vary slightly from case to case. For example, an increase in the amount of plastic waste or demolition waste being co-combusted will increase the amount of Cl, while the amount of sulphur, sulphate or even coal or peat used in combustion will affect the S levels. Nevertheless, two significant features can be identified from these diagrams. 

On acetylation it gives acetanilide. Nitrated with some decomposition to a mixture of 2-and 4-nitroanilines. It is basic and gives water-soluble salts with mineral acids. Heating aniline sulphate at 190 C gives sulphanilic add. When heated with alkyl chlorides or aliphatic alcohols mono- and di-alkyl derivatives are obtained, e.g. dimethylaniline. Treatment with trichloroethylene gives phenylglycine. With glycerol and sulphuric acid (Skraup s reaction) quinoline is obtained, while quinaldine can be prepared by the reaction between aniline, paraldehyde and hydrochloric acid. 

C2He04S, Et0)(H0)S02. Oily acidic liquid. Soluble in water and slowly hydrolysed by it to ethanol and sulphuric acid. Prepared by passing ethene into concentrated sulphuric acid or by heating ethanol and sulphuric acid. Gives ethene when heated alone, and diethyl sulphate when heated with ethanol at 140 C. Forms crystalline metallic salts which are soluble in water. 

Prepared by condensing p-chlorophenol with phlhalic anhydride in sulphuric acid solution in the presence of boric acid. The chlorine atom is replaced by hydroxyl during the condensation. It can also be prepared by oxidation of anthraquinone or 1-hydroxyanthraquinone by means of sulphuric acid in the presence of mercury(ll) sulphate and boric acid. 

The sulphonic acids are usually prepared by the action of sulphuric acid upon a compound. The concentration of the acid and the temperature of reaction are varied according to the reactivity of the compound. Often oleum is used or even chiorosulphonic acid. Alternatively sulphur trioxide complexed to pyridine or dioxan can be used with reactive substrates. Aminosulphonic acids such as sulphanilic and naphthionic acids are most conveniently prepared by heating the sulphate of the amine at ISO C. 

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