Chironomus sp

Midge, Chironomus sp. 30 pg/L for 96 h Midge, Tanytarsus dissimilis, 16.3 pg/L for 10 days Various species 25 pg/L for 10 days in outdoor experimental streams... 

Chironomus sp. Hexagenia sp. Paragnetina sp. Reronarcys sp. Acroneuria sp. 1,3,6,8-TCDD 4 Water/sediment 1,375-18,439 (sand) 304-111,345 (silt) Muir et al. 1983... 

For freshwater invertebrates, frequently used species are the pelagic crustacean Daphnia magna and the sediment-dwelling insect Chironomus sp., while marine crustacean test methods have used copepods and mysids. Molluscs and echinoderms are also important invertebrate species for developmental and reproductive effects assessment (EC 2003). Reproductive and developmental inhibition may be caused by both endocrine and nonendocrine modes of action however, based on current knowledge, PNEC assessments should be based on impaired fitness parameters (e.g., reduced rates of fertility, development, or fecundity) and not on molecular or biochemical changes (Ingersoll et al. 1999 Hutchinson 2002 Barata et al. 2004). 

Among freshwater leeches, the Old-World Erpobdella octoculata feeds on prey such as Tubifex spp., Chironomus spp., and Asellus aquaticus. Living and freshly killed larvae of Chironomus sp., Tubifex sp., and A. aquaticus attract these leeches. Amino acids such as histidine and glutamic acid are the active stimuli (Kreuter et al. 2008). 

Mayflies, Hexagenia limbata, H. bilineata Midges, Chironomus sp. 

Model Parameter Chironomus sp. Hexagenia spp. Coelotanypus sp. B. sowerbyi... 

Oladimeji, A.A. and B.A. Offem. 1989. Toxicity of lead to Clarias lazera, Oreochromis niloticus, Chironomus tentans and Benacus sp. Water Air Soil Pollut. 44 191-201. 

Mayfly, Callibaetis sp. 10 Chironomid, Chironomus decorus, LC90 (168 h), nymphs 7... 

Since persistence in sediments is longer than that in the water column, the relevant toxicity studies are those that consider longer term, chronic exposures. A number of standard tests have been developed for assessing sediment toxicity and the bioassay of field collected sediments (e.g., [16-24]). The most commonly tested freshwater species are arthropods, including the amphipod shrimp // azteca and chironomid midge larvae, both Chironomus dilutus (formerly C. tentans) and C. riparius. Water-only studies have demonstrated that II. azteca are particularly sensitive to SPs (see Sect. 3) and in the published literature, this is the most commonly tested species for assessing the sediment toxicity of SPs. 

Robinson, P.W. and Scott, R.R. (1995) The toxicity of cyromazine to Chironomus zealandicus (Chironomidae) and Deleatidium sp. (Leptophlebiidae), Pesticide Science 44 (3), 283-292. 

Midge, Chironomus ripariusAarvae Mosquito, Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Alga, Oedogonium cardiacum Periphyton, mostly diatoms Cladoceran, D. pulex Cladoceran, D. magna Snail, Physa sp. 

---