Chemotaxis genes

Mutoh, N. Simon, M.L Nucleotide sequence corresponding to five chemotaxis genes in Escherichia coU. J. BacterioL, 165, 161-166 (1986)... 

The chemotaxis genes of E. coli are listed in Table 10. They include the genes identified by the groups of mutants that are nonchemotactic for multiple stimuli and for all the stimuli, as well as flagellar genes that are involved in regulating the direction of flagellar rotation. The... 

Kato, J., Nakamura, T, Kuroda, A. and Ohtake, H. (1999). Cloning and characterization of chemotaxis genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 63, 155-161. 

Parkinson, J.S. and Houts, S.E. (1982). Isolation and behavior of Escherichia coli deletion mutants lacking chemotaxis functions./. Bacteriol. 151, 106-113. Parkinson, J.S., Parker, S.R., Talbert, P.B. and Houts, S.E. (1983). Interactions between chemotaxis genes and flagellar genes in Escherichia coli. J. Bacteriol. 155, 265-274. 

M. mnthus development. The key to bacterial coordinated behavior resides in the ability of a cell to receive, interpret, and respond to these signals. Relaying the information may require direct contact between the donor and the recipient cells or it may be carried out from a distance, i.e., by means of diffusible molecules, which are detected through their interaction with specific receptors. As discussed in Chapter 3, bacterial chemotaxis is the most completely understood of the bacterial sensory transduction systems. While the role of chemotaxis in intercellular communication is still not clear, in some cases, mutants deleted for chemotaxis genes fail to carry out one or another of the processes mentioned above. Components of the chemotaxis system seem to play a role in swarming motility, pattern formation, and myxobacterial development. In fact, it appears that certain chemotaxis functions have been recruited by certain species to mediate intercellular communication. In this chapter, we review some examples, and provide evidence as well as hypotheses concerning a role for proteins and systems involved in chemotaxis in multicellular behavior. 

Thus, chemotaxis gene products are involved in two very different modes of multicellular behavior in E. coli and Salmonella swarming motility and the complex pattern formation discussed above. 

Table 1. M. xanthus frz genes show similarity to enteric chemotaxis genes [after Ward and Zusman [129]).

Hawkins, A.C., Schuster, M. and Harwood, C.S. (2003). An alternative set of Pseudomonas aeruginosa chemotaxis genes is preferentially expressed in the stationary phase of growth and further up-regulated by quorum sensing. Abstracts of BLAST VII Symposium. 36. 

McBride, M.J., Weinberg, R.A. and Zusman, D.R. (1989). Frizzy aggregation genes of the gliding bacterium Myxococcus xanthus show sequence similarities to the chemotaxis genes of enteric bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S.A 86, 42A-428. 

Harwood CS, NN Nichols, M-K Kim, JJ Ditty, RE Parales (1994) Identification of the pcaRKF gene cluster from Pseudomonas putida involvement in chemotaxis, biodegradation, and transport of 4-hydroxyben-zoate. J Bacteriol 176 6479-6488. 

Table lists examples of root exudate components involved in chemotaxis. anchoring, and induction of gene expression. 

G. Gaetano-Anolles, D. K. Christ-E.stes, and W. D. Bauer, Chemotaxis of Rhizobiiim meliloti to the plant flavone luleolin requires functional nodulation genes. J. Bacte-riol. 170 3164-3169 (1988). 

Defensins Mammals, birds, Invertebrates, plants, fungi Membrane permeabilization, macromolecular synthesis inhibition Cell proliferation/differentiation chemotaxis induction of gene expression adaptive immune polarization in vivo protection cytokine/chemokine induction CCR6, TLRs -1, -2 and -4... 

PR-39 Porcine Immature neutrophils lymphoid organs Cell proliferation/differentiation chemotaxis induction of gene expression p130° 26S proteasome... 

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