Chemistry driven

Perhaps the best example of bond-specific chemistry driven by absorption of laser light has been the set of reactions involving heavy water [14940-63-7], HOD ... 

The refinery will evolve to meet the market (and so, the environmental) needs. Some characteristics are easy to foresee versatility, integration from resources to final user ( well-to-wheels), intensive incorporation of computing tools (integrated and predictive modeling at all levels feedstock-process-product), large dynamic incorporation of new catalysts, chemistry driven , fast incorporation of emerging knowledge and last, but most important, environmental preservation and safe operation. 

Circumstellar medium The environment around a star that has chemistry driven by the photon flux or radiation field. 

Schnecke, V., Bostrom, J. (2006) Computational chemistry-driven decision making... 

During the past two decades the science and engineering of electronic materials has become more and more intertwined with chemistry. Chemistry driven by the needs and opportunities of modem materials has lately come to be called materials chemistry. In this paper I would like to focus on electronic materials not only because of personal familiarity but also because they epitomize the interplay between chemistry and materials. From my experience, I would assert that the most important attributes of electronic materials chemistry are ... 

Holenz J, Merce R, Diaz JL, et al. Medicinal chemistry driven approaches toward novel and selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor ligands. J Med Chem 2005 48 1781-1795. 

Abstract The last half decade has been a period of unprecedented development for the range of transition-metal-catalysed alkylidene exchange reactions collectively known as alkene metathesis. These carbon-carbon bond forming processes have, in a relatively short time, evolved from relative obscurity into a major research area at the forefront of both modern organometallic and synthetic organic chemistry, driven by the rational design of ever more robust and powerful catalytic systems. The advent of modern well-defined catalysts has... 

Metathesis is inherently flexible. As a result, this transformation allows, inter alia, for a rapid chemistry-driven evaluation of structure/activity profiles and qualifies for applications in combinatorial and diversity oriented synthesis this is particularly true when combined with suitable post-metathesis transformations exploiting diverse alkene reactivity. 

As we noted in Section 4.01.1, the ability of the troposphere to chemically transform and remove trace gases depends on complex chemistry driven by the relatively small flux of energetic solar UV radiation that penetrates through the stratospheric O3 layer (Levy, 1971 Chameides and Walker, 1973 Crutzen, 1979 Ehhalt et al., 1991 Logan et al, 1981 Ehhalt, 1999 Crutzen and Zimmerman, 1991). This chemistry is also driven by emissions of NO, CO, and hydrocarbons and leads to the production of O3, which is one of the important indicators of the oxidizing power of the atmosphere. But the most important oxidizer is the hydroxyl free radical (OH), and a key measure of the capacity of the atmosphere to oxidize trace gases injected into it is the local concentration of hydroxyl radicals. 

Seawater is rich in sulfur and, while containing high concentrations of inorganic sulfur, it also has an elaborate organic chemistry, driven largely by biological activities. 

Figure 19.2 Cross-sections through idealized inhomogeneous assemblies. Each assembly is built from long square-ended prisms that are joined to form a continuum. Large circles and small circles mark regions rich in one component or the othen unpattemed regions are of neutral composition. In (a) the stress state is hydrostatic in gross but nonhydrostatic locally on account of chemistry-driven diffusion. In (b) the chemistry is uniform in gross but nonuniform locally on account of stress-driven diffusion.

Beam techniques may be used to probe energy barriers and chemistry driven by translational energy the flow reactor is used to study rates and mechanisms at thermal energies. Rates studied as a function of temperature reveal barriers to reaction. Rates studied as a function of solvation number reveal the kinetic role of solvate, in the absence of bulk solvent. We illustrate this behavior for the nucleophilic displacement reaction... 

Without a doubt each company s compound collection will be biased in favor of structural classes they ve invested in most heavily over the years. But the preponderance of target-directed drug discovery projects being a relatively recent phenomenon, many of the medchem compounds in such collections arose from more chemistry-driven considerations. Consequently, they tend to be relevant to a range of different biological targets, which may or may not have been appreciated when they were made. 

Chemistry driven optimization of chemical leads that have been originally identified by competitor companies is a classical tool in crop protection discovery... 

---