Chemicals, Inc

Mitsui Toatsu Chemical, Inc. disclosed a similar process usiag Raney copper (74) shortiy after the discovery at Dow, and BASF came out with a variation of the copper catalyst ia 1974 (75). Siace 1971 several hundred patents have shown modifications and improvements to this technology, both homogeneous and heterogeneous, and reviews of these processes have been pubHshed (76). Nalco Chemical Company has patented a process based essentially on Raney copper catalyst (77) ia both slurry and fixed-bed reactors and produces acrylamide monomer mainly for internal uses. Other producers ia Europe, besides Dow and American Cyanamid, iaclude AUied CoUoids and Stockhausen, who are beheved to use processes similar to the Raney copper technology of Mitsui Toatsu, and all have captive uses. Acrylamide is also produced ia large quantities ia Japan. Mitsui Toatsu and Mitsubishi are the largest producers, and both are beheved to use Raney copper catalysts ia a fixed bed reactor and to sell iato the merchant market. 

Jpn. Kokai 75 82008 (July 3,1975), K. Yamamoto and co-workers (to Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc.). 

Drew Chemical Corporation (Ashland Chemical, Inc.) Exxon Chemical Company Hercules, Inc. 

Material Safety Data Sheet ISlumherl386, BP Chemicals Inc., Cleveland, Ohio, 1989. 

Atochem, France (EA) Ethyl Corp., United States (EC) Great Lakes, United States (GL) ISC Chemicals, Ltd. United Kingdom (ISC) Manac Inc., Japan (MI) Mambishi, Japan (M) Mitsui Toatsu Fiae Chemicals, Inc., Japan (MT) Nippon Chemicals Corp., Ltd., Japan (NC) Teijia, Japan (T) Tosoh, Japan (TS) Warwick International, United Kingdom (WI) CECA, SA, France (CECA). 

Mixtures of 10 and 20% fluorine ia nitrogen or other inert gases are commercially available ia cylinders and tube trailers from Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. Blends can be safely packaged and stored at high, eg, 13.8 MPa (2000 psi), pressure. Filled with a 20% fluorine blend, tube trailers can contain up to 500 kg of fluorine. Such high pressure mixtures permit larger quantities of fluorine to be safely shipped. 

J. F. Tompkins and co-workers. The Properties and Handling of Fluorine, Technical Report no. HSD-TDR-62-273, Air Products Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa., 1963. 

Cobalt difluoride, used primarily for the manufacture of cobalt trifluoride, CoF, is available from Advance Research Chemicals, Inc., Aldrich Chemicals, and PCR in the United States, Fluorochem in the UK, and Schuhardt in Germany. The 1993 price varied from 60 to 200/kg depending on the quantity and the price of cobalt metal. C0F2 is shipped as a corrosive and toxic material in DOT-approved containers. 

U.S. production of bromine trifluoride is several metric tons per year mostiy used in oil-weU cutting tools. Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. is the only U.S. producer. The 1992 price was ca 80/kg. 

Inorganic Fluorine Compounds, buUetia, Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., Allentown, Pa., 1974. 

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