Chemical sustainability evaluation

The starting point, therefore, for any evaluation of the degree to which any process maybe considered sustainable requires a full inventory of all the inputs and outputs. For chemicals production, this necessarily requires the focus to be on the engineered process, not simply on the chemical transformation that occurs in the reactor. While necessary, the latter is not sufficient. 

While advancing green chemical inventories is critical to a sustainable future, it is important to remember the big picture when designing products and processes - it is not just about hazard. Once the hazard assessment and evaluations are complete, and as part of the implementation stage, it is important to step back and consider the big picture when developing products. As noted earlier, a sustainable product - one that meets the criteria for Cradle to Cradle Design ... 

A broader and more detailed evaluation can be done by performing a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The central idea of a LCA is that the environmental effects during the entire life cycle of a process are quantified. These environmental effects are caused by the use of fossil fuels for heating and production of electricity, the use of non-renewable raw materials for the production of materials and chemicals, and the emissions of pollutants to air, water and soil. These environmental effects can be subdivided further in various levels of detail. The five major effects mentioned are derived from the more general effects considered in the framework of the LCA. Based on the environmental sustainability of each of the complete treatment scenarios considered as technically feasible, a ranking according environmental... 

The Swedish Chemical Inspectorate (KEMI) has used substitution analysis to assess biocides with the goal of promoting sustainable agriculture. KEMI uses a seven-step process that evaluates not only the intrinsic... 

To conclude, research, applications and expectations with regard to emulsions are permanently evolving. Changes in the macro-economic context along with various political decisions (e.g., sustainable development. Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals (REACH) directive for the European Union) are factors which influence the conditions in which emulsion-based products are fabricated and used. It is probable that these changes will motivate technological developments and new advances in emulsion science. 

On 29 October 2003, the Commission adopted a proposal for a new EU regulatory framework for chemicals, the so-called REACH (Registration, Evaluation, and Authorisation of CHemicals). This new regulatory framework achieved all the objectives identified in the White Paper (EU 2001) and thus represents a model of sustainable development by pursuing its three main goals economic (industrial competitiveness), social (health protection and jobs), and environmental. 

K. S. Estes, M. E. Brewster, and N. Bodor, Evaluation of an estradiol chemical delivery system (CDS) designed to provide enhanced and sustained hormone levels in the brain, Adv. Drug Del. Rev. 14 167 (1994). 

Also at issue is the preservation of marine biodiversity that relates, in turn, to chemical diversity. As stated previously, discoveries to date reflect a small percentage of the resources available. Measures must be taken to ensure sustainable use of these resources. Alternative renewable sources need to be identified to supply pharmacological evaluation. Due to the critical nature of this aspect of marine natural products drug discovery, several alternative approaches are discussed in detail. 

The ideas behind the adoption of a new EU chemicals strategy was laid out in a 2001 EC Communication on a Strategy for a Future Chemicals Policy (COM (2001) 88). This document took stock of the system that existed at the time and called for a new strategy based on a system for the Registration, Evaluation and Authorisation of Chemicals - REACH. The Communication set out seven objectives that needed to be balanced within the overall framework of sustainable development ... 

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