Names, chemical projects

In this section, you saw some common names for chemicals. Before you begin your Unit Project, create a list of names of chemicals found in common household cleaning products. If you know only the common name, find out the chemical name. 

Summary of Major Events and Problems, United States Chemical Corps, Fiscal Year 1959 (Army Chemical Center, Maryland, January i960.) 3 2 — This was code-named Project Screw worm . 

The use pattern of a chemical is an important data element in the determination of human and environmental exposures. Often, human exposure is encountered in the use and formulation of the chemical into other products rather than in the manufacture of the chemical itself. However, no comprehensive use file of all chemicals in commerce currently exists. The same data bases mentioned earlier for manufacturing and production data are presently the only sources for use information on a chemical. Two projects under development may ease the acquisition of use information in the future. One, by NIOSH, is a data file on names and trade names of chemicals in various commercial products. Another project by EPA is currently examining the feasibility of establishing a use-information data base. Presumably, if the study shows such a data base to be feasible, the data base will actually be developed. 

Specialized search engines. There are two major projects to index specifically structure-oriented chemical information on the Web. The full-text search engines provide only textual search capabilities and index only text data. Structure-oriented search methods such as substructure search are not possible with this approach. Chemical names as search keys are problematic because the lUPAC nomenclature is far from unique, complicated, and error-prone, and many compounds are not even named by the original authors. Additionally, trivial and commercial... 

The DENDRAL project initiated in 1964 at Stanford was the prototypical application of artificial intelligence techniques - or what was understood at that time under this name - to chemical problems. Chemical structure generators were developed and information from mass spectra was used to prune the chemical graphs in order to derive the chemical structure associated with a certain mass spectrum. 

CLAIMS BIBLIO iacludes an abstract and claim ia additioa to basic bibliographic information for chemical and chemically related U.S. patents from 1950 and for all patents from 1963. AH claims are searchable and ptintable from 1971 claims for many patents are not avaHable from 1971 to 1974. Prom 1972, many tides have been enhanced with additional keywords to describe the iavention more clearly and to iadicate the presence of a drawiag chemical stmctures have beea coaverted so that they display ia linear format. Many company names have been standardized, and USPTO classification is updated aimuaHy to reflect reclassification projects. 

In the usual chemical formulas written for chain polymers the sue-cessive units are projected as a co-linear sequence on the surface of the sheet of paper. This form of representation fails to convey what is perhaps the most significant structural characteristic of a long polymer chain, namely, its capacity to assume an enormous array of configurations. This configurational versatility is a consequence of the considerable degree of rotational freedom about single bonds of the chain. In the simple polymethylene chain, for example, the conventional formula... 

A joint research project between Lummus Technology and the Delft University of Technology led to the discovery of a new mesoporous material, named TUD-1 (8). TUD-1 is a three-dimensional amorphous structure of random, intercoimecting pores. The original emphasis was on the silica version, which has since been extended to about 20 chemical variants (e.g., Al, Al-Si, Ti-Si, etc.). 

On February 28, 1935, Carothers project succeeded beyond anyone s wildest dreams. The cheerful, lively Frenchman Berchet produced a superpolymer made from chemicals derived from cheap benzene, a by-product of coal later they would be made from petroleum. A filament teased from Berchet s polymer was, despite its lowly origins, pearly and lustrous. And when it was tested, it proved to be spinnable. Its code name was 6-6 because both its reactants—hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid—had six carbon atoms. Technically, the filament was polyhexamethylene adipamide, a long-chain polymer similar in structure to proteins. It became world-famous as nylon. 

At the start of this project, the Committee solicited input from the chemical sciences community. The request for input was sent via e-mail to a large number of scientists and engineers, and a general request for information appeared in Chemical Engineering News.1 The committee received many valuable ideas in response to these requests. Additional input from the broader community was obtained as the committee wrote this report, when individual members of the committee consulted with their colleagues to obtain specific and detailed technical input. The committee is pleased to acknowledge all these contributors a listing of their names and affiliations is presented in Appendix C. 

The characterisation of the angular dependence of the interaction of two dipole tensors A1 A2 and B B2 is therefore straightforward, namely it depends on the projection angle of the two bonds between A1 and A2 and between B1 and B2. The orientation and magnitude of the chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) tensor, which also can cause cross-correlated relaxation, is not know a priori and therefore needs to be determined experimentally or... 

---