Chemical names primary components

Thermoplastic Polymers. Most thermoplastic polymers are used in high-volume, widely recognized applications, so they are often referred to as commodity plastics. (We will elaborate upon the distinction between a polymer and a plastic in Chapter 7, but for now we simply note that a plastic is a polymer that contains other additives and is usually identified by a variety of commercial trade names. There are numerous databases, both in books [1] and on the Internet [2], that can be used to identify the primary polymer components of most plastics. With a few notable exceptions, we will refer to most polymers by their generic chemical name.) The most common commodity thermoplastics are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polystyrene (PS). These thermoplastics all have in common the general repeat unit -(CHX-CH2)-, where -X is -H for PE, -CH3 for PP, -Cl for PVC, and a benzene ring for PS. When we discuss polymerization reactions in Chapter 3, we will see that all of these thermoplastics can be produced by the same type of reaction. 

Wood is composed of three major polymeric materials cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Cellulose is the common name used for the glucan present in wood, which constitutes about 42 percent of wood s dry weight. Cellulose is the primary component of the walls of cells making up wood fibers and is the main structural material of wood and other plants. Paper, paperboard, and other wood fiber products thus also are composed mostly of cellulose. The chemical structure of the cellulose macromolecule is shown in Fig. 28.4. In the plant the degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose is approximately 14,000.5... 

The function of a heat exchanger as the name implies, is to transfer heat energy between streams. The prime reason for this is to conserve heat which is usually a costly component of any process. Reduced efficiency has to be compensated in some way in the process. If heat is not recovered the shortfall will have to be made up perhaps by the consumption of more primary fuel such as oil, coal or gas. In other operations it is necessary to raise the temperature of a particular stream to facilitate a chemical reaction, for example hydrocracking in refinery operations to produce lower molecular weight products. In power stations the efficiency of the steam condensers at the outlet from the turbines has a direct effect on the cost of... 

The guidance on how to name complex reaction products is entitled Toxic Substances Control Act Inventory Representation for Combinations of Two or More Substances Complex Reaction Products. It applies only to chemicals made by a chemical reaction, and not to formulated mixtures, which are made simply by mixing with no chemical reaction. Its primary purpose is to explain when complex reaction products should be named as one reaction product, or as a series of individual components. 

The PDF (Portable Document Format) display presents the numerical data in a more traditional tabular and graphical form. The property type, including the physical quantities with their SI units, the state of the chemical system, and the method used to obtain the data, the molecular formulas, primary names and CAS Registry Numbers of the components are given. Alternate names (synonyms) are listed in the Name Index of Substances (Chap. 4.2). The full reference to the original source of data is given with the author(s) and the title of the publication. 

The nitroalkanes are named as derivatives of the hydrocarbon with the prefix nitro. The primary or secondary position of the nitro group on propane is indicated by the number 1 or 2. The structure of nitromethane is CH3NO2, CH3CH2NO2 is nitroethane, CH3CH2CH2NO2 is 1-nitropropane, and CH3-CH(N02)CH3 is 2-nitropropane. The CA index names (Chemical Abstract Index, American Chemical Society) for each nitroalkane is listed in Table 17.1 along with the solvent s physical properties. The CAS numbers refer to the major nitroalkane component. Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for CAS numbers of any minor impurities in the solvent. 

For the primary study, the diffusion flame was assumed to be stationary, the fuel and oxidizer diffusion coefficients were assumed similar and equal to the mixture diffusivity (Le = 1). This allowed simplification of the energy equation and the continuity equation for components by introducing a new scalar variable named the Schwab-Zeldovich variable and the method itself is known as the Schwab-Zeldovich method [11]. The chemical reaction was considered as a single-stage, fast reaction. 

Body boards are made from several layers of closed cell polyethylene foam. The main component, called the core, was made from a solid plank of foam, which was then cut to shape, and then covered with thin sheets of foam known as the skins. The performance of the board was determined by density of the core, the thickness and number of layers in the skins, and the overall shape of the board. A primary supplier of the core material was the Dow Chemical Company, under the brand name Ethafoam . 

---