Formulation mixture

Uses. The principal use of monosodium phosphate is as a water-soluble soHd acid and pH buffer, primarily in acid-type cleaners. The double salt, NaH2P04 H PO, referred to as hemisodium orthophosphate or sodium hemiphosphate, is often generated in situ from monosodium phosphate and phosphoric acid in these types of formulations. Mixtures of mono- and disodium phosphates are used in textile processing, food manufacture, and other industries to control pH at 4—9. Monosodium phosphate is also used in boiler-water treatment, as a precipitant for polyvalent metal ions, and as an animal-feed supplement. 

In the optimization of tablet formulations, different approaches can be used. The one variable at a time method requires many experiments and there is no guarantee that an optimal formulation is achieved. Moreover the interaction between different factors, which may influence the tablet properties, will not be detected [10]. The use of an experimental design can be helpful in the optimization of tablet formulations. Mixture designs can be used to describe the response (tablet properties) as a function of the... 

The third major area for development is that of soft drinks containing ingredients that enable some special nutritional or physiological claim to be made for the product. This will usually be an energy claim because soft drinks are an ideal vehicle for delivering carbohydrates, some in specially formulated mixtures, in a readily and rapidly assimilable form. Of the other nutrients that can be included, fruit juice, vitamins and minerals are the most common, but some products contain significant levels of protein or even fibre (as non-metabolisable carbohydrate). 

Two parameters of excipients that are important to the compatibility formulator are (i) the ability of the excipients to absorb water at variable humidity and (ii) the pH that the excipient will impart in the solid-state environment. Knowledge of water sorption of excipients is well documented (27) and is used to estimate the amount of water the excipients will introduce into a solid-formulation mixture (30). The percentage of water and the dispensation of water, whether bound or variably adsorbed, was shown to have a dramatic effect on the hydrolytic stability of aspirin (31). It is well known that water will redistribute within solid pharmaceutical systems and this redistribution has been modeled and studied extensively (18). The pH influence that an excipient imparts to the formulation matrix can be directly related to... 

In the process of stressing API in the presence of excipients, one should take into account the potential for physical change of the API to occur in the formulation mixtures being evaluated. Depending on the stage of development and the depth of excipient compatibility studies, physical form assessment may be cursory or more extensive, but should be considered at some level. 

Although some of the early herbicides were quite effective, their high cost coupled with their narrow weed control spectra resulted in limited acceptance. This was true for naptalam, chlorpropham, and dinoseb, which were some of the first herbicides used for selective weed control in soybean. Use of naptalam and chlorpropham, including use of the first formulated mixtures for soybean, was limited to less than 3% of the soybean crop during their peak years from 1961 to 1966. 

A Lindane formulation (mixture of BHC isomers) is used as a termiticide. The 1% shampoo,lotion or cream (Kwell) is also used as an ovacide. The isomer is a CNS stimulant of high acute toxicity, and caused serious illness including convulsions in a patient when administered as a vermifuge. Applications of lindane preparations have resulted in seizures in young children. 

Most countries with chemical inventories have excluded by-products, small product tests and laboratory quantities, and naturally occurring substances from their reporting schemes. One of the issues associated with inventories is the definition of a chemical. The definition of polymers is a complex issue that will vary depending upon the nature of the chemicals from which they are formed, their relative proportions, the order of reaction, and reaction conditions (duration, temperature, catalysts, etc.).14 Most inventories include polymers and treat all different polymeric substances and monomers as individual chemicals. Some countries, including the United States, have decided not to require updated reporting on the production of such polymers. None of the national chemical inventories include formulated mixtures, or preparations, such as paints and household cleaners, or articles such as automobiles, computers, and paper. 

JPS COMPOUND 150 is a formulated mixture of fillers and binders designed for application to glass fiber fabrics used to make marine panels. 

Organic peroxide means a liquid or solid organic substance which contains the bivalent -0-0- structure and may be considered a derivative of hydrogen peroxide, where one or both of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by organic radicals. The term also includes organic peroxide formulations (mixtures) ... 

Potato chips and tortilla chips have become household names in North America. Com products are not as common in Europe. Fabricated products can be produced from pellets or from sheeted material made from a preprocessed and formulated mixture of ingredients. The most commonly known products of this category are Pringles made by Procter Gamble co. and Lay s Stax introduced recently by Frito-Lay. Products made from formulated sheets as well as from the pellets are sold as salted as well as seasoned with various seasonings. These products are now popular in most countries. 

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