Chemical innovation

U., Wenka, a., Schubert, K., Microstructure devices for thermal and chemical process engineering, in Proceedings of the Japan Chemical Innovation Institute (JCII)... 

Chemical Innovation in Peace and War. In Science, Technology, and Society in... 

Together with her slogan, When It Rains It Pours, the Morton Salt Girl carrying her familiar umbrella during a rain shower is well recognized by today s consumers. This image was introduced by the Morton Salt Company to promote a chemical innovation in this important household product. 

Aside from chemical innovation, biological strategies focus on new methods to study the effect of this neurotransmitter system on insomnia as well as on the possibilities for faster screening of new chemical entities, i.e, zebrafish models [91]. 

These effects and those of other regulations proposed or implemented by EPA have stimulated a flow of initiatives by the chemical industry and its major trade associations to propose changes in these or new concepts for other, regulations, as described by S. Davis, Esq., in her analysis. Many of these changes and concepts are of particular interest to the smaller chemical manufacturer. Their limited financial and manpower resources are far less able to cope with the requirements of TSCA, with the result that this significant source of chemical innovation is at a serious disadvantage. 

The chemical industry is linked to virtually every segment of the American economy as shown in Figure 1. Chemicals are used by other industries as feedstocks, cleaners, additives, and processing aids for a wide range of products and industrial processes. The chemical industry also provides consumer products directly. These range from soaps and detergents to ink and paint. The effects of chemical innovations, then, are felt far beyond the chemical industry. 

Innovation particularly in small volume chemicals often depends on a quick reaction to market opportunities and low costs. Six major characteristics of the chemical innovation process for small volume chemicals lead to this conclusion. 

We now have nearly three years of PMN experience. An analysis of both the number and the character of new substances introduction as represented by PMN filings suggests that there has indeed been a substantial negative impact on chemicals innovation. This observation is bolstered by a broad variety of studies and surveys which are highlighted in what follows. Limited information exists on the rate of new product... 

The drop in innovation was most pronounced in the more financially risky types of chemicals. Innovations aimed at the general chemical market without defined applications declined 38 percent while chemical innovations manufactured at specific customer request fell only 14 percent. 

Beyond these three factors in federal law, the chemical innovator will also face a myriad of state and local rules about disclosure which seem to proliferate in length, in inverse proportion to the logical basis. 

Meanwhile, chemical innovation goes on. Expectations are set, confidences shared, submissions to Government made, and work proceeds normally with research and development. A new social policy favoring disclosure may be in the works, while somewhere in China a factory manager is wondering what mysterious measures the Western Countries will come up with next. This worldwide concern will be with us for years to come. 

Probably the most controversial amongst my chemical innovations is the idea of pseudo-cationic polymerisation developed with Gandini [63, 67] and with Dunn etal., [68], and it was summarised [69] and extended by me to explain living CP [70]. It arose as follows ... 

Unfortunately (or better, fortunately) chemical innovation is very fast and any matter rapidly ages. Per speed vely, the dynamic aspects of inorganic compounds (or, molecular machinery ) will become more and more sophisticated (their interpretation thus requiring also more and more sophisticated electrochemical techniques), but the basic equipment to their operation will remain in some ways still valid for a long time (screws, bolts, screwdrivers, pliers and drills are still basic pieces of the actual super-technological assemblies). In this picture, it is expected that the basic approach outlined here, to face with the electrochemical aspects of a number of topics in inorganic chemistry, will (hopefully) maintain its middle-term validity. 

Chemicals innovations concern not only new substances, but also new preparations and applications... 

Hypothesis (5) Chemical innovation takes place not only in chemicals . The invention of snbstance applications and the sale of advantage instead of substances are also part of it. In addition, even extremely small market shares of products with an explicit environmental or health-related quality can indirectly become driving forces of improvement innovations in the entire market. This means that the real innovation processes in the domain of chemicals cannot be recorded adequately either solely by statistics relating to new substance registrations or solely by the classic instruments of market analysis. 

The EU policy on chemical substances aims to provide an appropriate balance between protection of human health and environment from undesirable exposure to chemicals and the need for continued chemical innovation so that the citizens of the EU can reahze the potential benefits (EU 2006c). 

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