Chemical housekeeping

Special attention to production processes, especially with high temperature, high voltage applications, etc. Attention to be given to handling, storage, and use of hazardous and toxic chemicals. Housekeeping processes need to be checked as well. 

It is also a guideline to ensure product quahty through the suitabihty of the manufacturing equipment, air and water quahty, sanitation, insect and rodent control, and housekeeping. The FDA periodically sends inspectors to audit chemical companies who manufacture bulk pharmaceutical chemicals or inactive ingredients called excipients to ensure conformance. Whereas GMP conformance ensures that the product meets pharmaceutical quahty standards, it does not ensure conformance to customer-service-related requirements. 

Indoor air quality complaints can arise from inadequate housekeeping that fails to remove dust and other dirt. On the other hand, cleaning materials themselves produce odors and emit a variety of chemicals. As they work throughout a building, cleaning staff or contractors may be the first to recognize and respond to potential lAQ problems. 

Cleanliness and good housekeeping in machine shops do much to avoid bacterial infection, and their importance cannot be overstressed. Various techniques such as heat treatment, centrifuging and filtration can be used to advantage, although economic considerations may restrict their use to systems containing large volumes of soluble oil. Chemical sterilization with bactericides can be more convenient. 

Preventive measures include everything from safe work practices to training programs, good housekeeping, regular audits, administrative and engineering controls, and chemical-protection equipment. 

Loss prevention. Walking around many chemical factories will reveal obvious sources of energy loss, probably the most noticeable being leaky steam valves. Good housekeeping can do much to conserve energy. 

Sanitation includes housekeeping, inspection, physical and mechanical methods, chemical methods, and biological methods (Mills and Pedersen, 1990) and is critical for the production, manufacture, and distribution of... 

Although it is still difficult to establish clear cause effect relationships, it is widely accepted that chemical pollution contributes for antibiotic resistance dissemination [10, 33, 34]. There are evidences that antibiotic resistance increase is related with environmental pollution and anthropic pressures. In this respect, antibiotics seem to be a major, although not the unique, form of pollution, mainly because it is estimated that about 75% of the antibiotics consumed by humans and animals are eliminated as active substances [35, 36]. In the environment, antibiotics can suffer adsorption, photolysis or biodegradation, reaching very low concentrations [37]. Nevertheless, at sub-inhibitory levels, as they are found in the environment, antibiotics can promote several alterations on housekeeping functions of the cells. Apparently, some of these alterations are not associated with antibiotic resistance. Even though, they contribute for the perturbation of the microbial community, leading, eventually, to an overall resistance increase [1, 34, 38]. 

Historical toxicity and chemistry data Facility and process information Effluent treatment plant operation Housekeeping procedures Chemical usage... 

There is a definite relationship between safety performance and orderliness in the laboratory. When housekeeping standards fall, safety performance inevitably deteriorates. The work area should be kept clean, and chemicals and equipment should be properly labeled and stored. 

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