Chemical handling processes

PFA/ETFE resin Rotollning application RMB, Crane, Edion Chemical handling/processing plants... 

In chemical handling processes, parts are exposed to mechanical forces and chemicals. Fluoropolymer parts can fail for three reasons mechanical, chemical, and physical changes, or their combinations. Failure often initiates at the location of fabrication flaws that arise from problems during manufacturing of the fluoroplastic part. These flaws often shorten the useful life of the part in service or form a starting point that can evolve into the failure point of the part. 

The investigation of molecular structures and of their properties is one of the most fascinating topics in chemistry. Chemistry has a language of its own for molecular structures which has been developed from the first alchemy experiments to modem times. With the improvement of computational methods for chemical information processing, several descriptors for the handling of molecular information have been developed and used in a wide range of applications. 

One feature of reprocessing plants which poses potential risks of a different nature from those ia a power plant is the need to handle highly radioactive and fissionable material ia Hquid form. This is necessary to carry out the chemical separations process. The Hquid materials and the equipment with which it comes ia contact need to be surrounded by 1.5—1.8-m thick high density concrete shielding and enclosures to protect the workers both from direct radiation exposure and from inhalation of airborne radioisotopes. Rigid controls must also be provided to assure that an iaadvertent criticahty does not occur. 

Stanley M. Englund/ M S / Ch E / Fellow American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Consultant, The Dow Chemical Company (retired). (Section Editor, Section 16 Introduction Hazard Analysis Storage and Handling of Hazardous Materials Reactive Chemicals Combustion and Flammability Hazards Hazards of Vacuum Hazards oflnei t Gases)... 

This standard could be adapted to the fuel compressor for the natural gas to be brought up to the injection pressure required for the gas turbine. Covers the minimum requirements for reciprocating compressors and their drivers used in petroleum, chemical, and gas industry services for handling process air or gas with either lubricated or nonlubricated cylinders. Compressors covered by this standard are of moderate-to-low speed and in critical services. The nonlubricated cylinder types of compressors are used for injecting fuel in gas turbines at the high pressure needed. Also covered are related lubricating systems, controls, instrumentation, intercoolers, after-coolers, pulsation suppression devices, and other auxiliary equipment. 

Reactive chemical hazards may arise from the inherent properties of the chemicals handled, used or disposed of and/or from their admixture or processing. 

Reactive Chemistry Reviews The process chemistry is reviewed for evidence of exotherms, shock sensitivity, and other instability, with emphasis on possible exothermic reactions. The purpose of this review is to prevent unexpected and uncontrolled chemical reactions. Reviewers should be knowledgeable people in the field of reactive chemicals and include people from loss prevention, manufacturing, and research. The CCPS Essential Practices for Managing Chemical Reactivity Hazards provides a useful protocol for identifying chemical reactivity hazards (Johnson et ah, 2003). A series of questions about the chemical handling operations and the materials are used to determine if there are possible reactivity hazards. Figure 23-18 summarizes the CCPS protocol for identifying reaction hazards. 

Introduction The inherent nature of most chemicals handled in the chemical process industries is that they each have physical, chemical, and toxicological hazards to a greater or lesser degree. This requires that these hazards be contained and controlled throughout the entire life cycle of the facility, to avoid loss, injury and environmental damage. The provisions that will be necessary to contain and control the hazards will vary significantly depending on the chemicals and process conditions required. 

The primary mission of the Decontamination Element is to turn chemical/biological victims into patients through mass decontamination procedures by establishing a site capable of providing initial and sustained operational decontamination of Force personnel (rescue workers), ambulatory, and non-ambulatory patients. The Decontamination Element also handles decontamination of CBIRF members, attachments, vehicles, and equipment that have entered the incident site controls access into and out of the incident site handles processing of surety material and evidence while maintaining chain of custody through the site and handles limited area decontamination of the incident site. 

Company C is a small custom chemical manufacturer. Contract manufacturing accounts for its entire business. CSB staff visited a small manufacturing site with several batch chemical manufacturing operations. The nature of custom chemical manufacturing translates into very frequent changes in chemicals handled and processed. 

Company E is a large chemical manufacturer with worldwide operations. CSB staff visited a mediumsized manufacturing site. Operations included storage and handling/processing of monomers, as well as extensive batch polymerization. The site uses standardized manufacturing methods and typically handles a specific set of chemicals. 

A hazard evaluation is performed before assessing the technical feasibility of a new process. Chemical handling/storage criteria, critical process conditions, quality measurements, thermal hazards, and post-campaign cleanup are considered in the introduction of any new process/product. 

The mechanisms for these chemical solvent processes are now quite well understood. Corrosion problems downhole have been encountered in the ionic amine system (9) but the disulfide oil solvent appears to be without such complications and can carry up to 60% w/w of sulfur. Handling the material requires some insensitivity to malorodous fluids ... 

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