Characterization of pyrolysis

Liebman, S. A. Levy, E. F. "Polymer Characterization of Pyrolysis, GC-Mass Spectrometer-FTIR" Marcel Dekker New York, 1984 in press. 

Hansen, T. J., Archer, M. C., Tannenbaum, S. R., Characterization of pyrolysis conditions and interference by other compounds in the chemiluminescence detection of nitrosamines. Anal. Chem., 1979, 5, 1526-1528... 

Hoesterey, B.L. Windig, W. Meuzelaar, H.L.C. Eyring, E.M. Grant, D.M. Pugmire, R.J. "An integrated spectroscopic approach to the chemical characterization of pyrolysis oils," In This Volume. 

Nicolaides, G. M. The Chemical Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils, MASc Thesis, Dept, of Chemical Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada, 1984. 

An Integrated Spectroscopic Approach to the Chemical Characterization of Pyrolysis Oils... 

Hayward, J.S., Ellis, B., and Rand, B. Characterization of pyrolysis products of pitch materials by broad line proton NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetry. 1988 26 71-78. 

Ger9el, H.F. (2004) Production and characterization of pyrolysis liquids from sunflower presses bagasse. Bioresource Technology, vol 85, pp. 113-117. 

Yanik, J., et al., 2007. Fast pyrolysis of agricultural wastes characterization of pyrolysis products. Fuel Processing Technology 88 (10), 942—947. 

The combination of the flash vacuum pyrolysis (FVP) technique169 with mass spectrometry proved to be particularly useful in identification and characterization of both the fragmentation/rearrangement patterns, intermediates and/or final products formed (see Section IV.E.l). Usually, no structures are indicated in the mass spectra, although ionization and appearance potential can, in principle, provide structural information. 

MacKay, J. J. Dimmel, D. R. Boon, J. J. Pyrolysis MS characterization of wood from CAD-deficient pine. J. Wood Chem. Technol. 2001, 21, 19-29. 

Eudy, L. W. Analytical pyrolysis and derivatization methods combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the characterization of bacteria and other nonvolatile materials. Univ. South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA (1983), 197 pp. From Diss. Abstr. Int. B 1984, 45(1), 171. 

Smith, P B. Snyder, A. E Characterization of bacteria by quartz tube pyrolysis-gas chromatography/ion trap mass spectrometry. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 1992, 24, 23-38. 

Wilkes, J. G. Rushing, L. Nayak, R. Buzatu, D. A. Sutherland, J. B. Rapid phenotypic characterization of Salmonella enterica strains by pyrolysis metastable atom bombardment mass spectrometry with multivariate statistical and artificial neural network pattern recognition. J. Microbiol. Meth. submitted for publication. 

Gutteridge, C. S. Characterization of microorganisms by pyrolysis mass spectrometry. Meth. Microbiol. 1987,19, 227-272. 

Manchester, L. N. Toole, A. Goodacre, R. Characterization of Carnobacterium species by pyrolysis mass spectrometry /. Appl. Bacteriol. 1995,78,88-96. 

While infrared characterization of several silenes has been carried out, it has not always been possible to assign the observed bands unequivocally. Table II summarizes the available infrared data. The infrared spectra of reactive silenes, generated by the pyrolysis of suitable precursors, have most often been recorded in an argon matrix at 10 K, whereas the infrared... 

M. Carbini, R. Stevanato, M. Rovea, P. Traldi, D. Favretto, Curie point pyrolysis gas chromato graphy mass spectrometry in the art field. The characterization of proteinaceous binders, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom., 10, 1240 1242 (1996). 

A. Ballistreri, M. Fichera, P. Fifi, G. Musumarra, Characterization of Vasari and Zuccari Binding Media by Direct Pyrolysis in the Mass Spectrometer, Science and Technology for Cultural Heritage, 7, 27 30 (1998). 

X. Zang, J.C. Brown, J.D.H. van Heemst, A. Palumbo, P.G. Hatcher, Characterization of Amino Acids and Proteinaceous Materials using Online Tetramethylammonium Hydroxide (TMAH) Thermochemolysis and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Technique, Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 61, 181 193 (2001). 

G. Chiavari, N. Gandini, P. Russo and D. Fabbri, Characterization of standard tempera painting layers containing proteinaceous binders by pyrolysis (/methylation) gas chromatography mass spectrometry, Chromatographia, 47, 420 426 (1998). 

H. Ling, N. Maiqian, G. Chiavari and R. Mazzeo, Analytical characterization of binding medium used in ancient Chinese artworks by pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Microchem. J., 85, 347 353 (2007). 

S. Prati, S. Smith and G. Chiavari, Characterization of siccative oils, resins and pigments in art works by thermochemolysis coupled to thermal desorption and pyrolysis GC and GC/MS, Chromatographia, 59, 227 231 (2004). 

L. Osete Cortina and M.T. Domenech Carbo, Analytical characterization of diterpenoid resins present in pictorial varnishes using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry with on line trimethylsilylation, J. Chromatogr., A, 1065, 265 278 (2005). 

A. Asperger, W. Engewald and G. Fabian, Analytical characterization of natural waxes employ ing pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry, J. Anal. Appl. Pyrol., 50, 103 115 (1999). 

Analytical Pyrolysis Characterization of Fresh and Aged Di- and Triterpenic Resins... 

More recently on-line pyrolysis with HMDS has been performed successfully even if the pyrolysis interface was kept at 250°C. In fact, Domenech-Carbo and colleagues [57,58] have obtained very good results on a variety of art materials and on real paint samples as well. They have applied Py-GC/MS with on-line trimethylsilylation to the characterization of diterpenoid resins and, in contrast to previous literature data, the derivatization method enabled not only the identification of resinous carboxylic acids in the form of TMS esters, but also an efficient conversion of hydroxyl groups to TMS ethers. 

A few reviews have dealt with the identification of synthetic polymers by Py-GC/MS [76]. In addition to compositional studies, applications of pyrolysis to synthetic polymers include sequence length characterization in copolymers [77] and tacticity measurements in stereoregular homopolymers [78]. 

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