Characteristic Process Parameters

The main factors that affect the separation efficiency and yield in the membrane separation of beer are beer composition, membrane characteristics, process parameters, and membrane fouling. 

Pulse combustion dryers have been in the market for many years. The pilot test and technical reports of pulse combustion dryers indicate that the pulse combustion drying, as compared to classical (continuous) drying, enables one to (1) increase the drying rate by a factor of 1.2-3, depending on the configuration of PC dryer (2) reduce unit air consumption by up to 30% (3) eliminate distribution of characteristic process parameters (e.g., temperature, concentration, and moisture content) within the dryer, which improves the... 

The intrinsic stmcture imparted to the pad surface is defined by the conditioner characteristics. Process parameters can only modulate the pad cut rate but not intrinsic... 

The standard requires that continuous improvement extend to product characteristics and process parameters with the highest priority on special characteristics. 

The standard requires controlled conditions to include the monitoring and control of suitable process parameters and product characteristics during production, installation, and servicing. 

Process Characterization— The determining of relationships between process parameters and process outputs or product characteristics. 

Process Parameter—A measurable characteristic of a process that impacts product performance but may not be measured on the product. 

Generally, a variety of mechanical deformation processes cause the nonuniform deformation that results in the formation of residual stresses. This nonhomogeneous deformation in a material is produced by the material s parameters, largely its process parameters such as the tool geometry and frictional characteristics. For example, the rolling of a strip can be accomplished by using relatively cold squeeze rolls. In the rolling process, parameters with a small roll diameter and little reduction produce deformation penetration that is shallow and close to the surface, whereas the interior of the strip remains almost undeformed. After the removal of the deformation forces and a complete... 

A. (1986a). Preparation of liposomes via detergent removal from mixed micelles by dilution. The effect of bilayer composition and process parameters on liposome characteristics, Pharm. Weekbl. 

Coextrusion is the process of extruding two or more materials simultaneously or in tandem. It allows a combination of an ingredient such as wheat flour, which is inexpensive and easily enriched with vitamins and minerals, with dairy protein, which provides functionality and texture. For example, an early coextrusion of wheat flour and rennet casein was performed by van de Voort et al. (1984), who obtained products with varying characteristics depending on process parameters. 

Lin, S., Huff, H. E., and Hsieh, F. (2002). Extrusion process parameters, sensory characteristics, and structural properties of a high moisture soy protein meat analog. /. Food Sci. 67 (3), 1066-1072. 

We shall present three recursive estimation methods for the estimation of the process parameters (ai,...,ap, b0, b,..., bq) that should be employed according to the statistical characteristics of the error term sequence e s (the stochastic disturbance). 

Within the realm of physical reality, and most important in pharmaceutical systems, the unconstrained optimization problem is almost nonexistent. There are always restrictions that the formulator wishes to place or must place on a system, and in pharmaceuticals, many of these restrictions are in competition. For example, it is unreasonable to assume, as just described, that the hardest tablet possible would also have the lowest compression and ejection forces and the fastest disintegration time and dissolution profile. It is sometimes necessary to trade off properties, that is, to sacrifice one characteristic for another. Thus, the primary objective may not be to optimize absolutely (i.e., a maxima or minima), but to realize an overall pre selected or desired result for each characteristic or parameter. Drug products are often developed by teaching an effective compromise between competing characteristics to achieve the best formulation and process within a given set of restrictions. 

Detection of Crystallization and Melting. A problem frequently tackled by monitoring WAXS peaks is the detection of crystallization and melting as a function of temperature, time, pressure, or other processing parameters —> As long as some of the characteristic peaks of a polymer material are observable, a fraction of the material is in crystalline state. 

The OUR versus time curves for the two wastewater samples constitute the analytical basis to determine the components and the relevant process parameters of the wastewater (cf. procedures number 1 to 3). The mathematical description of the processes in the water phase, Table 7.1, is particularly integrated in procedure 3. The description of the reaeration requires that actual sewer and flow characteristics be available (cf. Section 4.4). 

From Table 6 it can be seen how the selected parameters have a connection to the basic principles of inherent safety. For instance the subindices of equipment safety and safe process structure contain several characteristics of inherent safety such as limitation of effects or tolerance to maloperation. It is practical to include several characteristics into few parameters, since the inherent safety principles are both very broad and overlapping. The philosophy behind them cannot be described just by one process parameter. The selected parameters are discussed in more detail on the following pages. 

B.H. Lee, I.G. Kim, S.W. Cho, and S.H. Lee, Effect of process parameters on the characteristics of indium tin oxide thin film for flat panel display application, Thin Solid Films, 302 25-30, 1997. 

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