Chain constant

Antibody classes In mammals, there are five classes of antibodies (also known as immunoglobulins IgG, IgA, IgM, IgE and IgD). Each immunoglobulin class differs in their heavy chain constant domains (see Fig. 1.2) and consequently in its biological properties. For immunoassays, two immuno-glubulin classes are of importance - IgG and IgM. 

Lefranc, M. R, Hammarstrom, L., Smith, C. I. E., and Lefranc, G., Gene deletions in the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region locus Molecular and immunological analysis. Immunol. Rev. 2, 265-281 (1991). 

Matthyssens, G., Rabbitts, T.H. (1980). Structure and multiplicity of genes for the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region. Pmc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 77, 6561-6565. 

Bottaro, A., de Marchi, M., Migone, N., Carbonara, A.O. (1989). Pulsed-field gel analysis of human heavy-chain constant region deletions reveals the extent of unmapped regions within the locus. Genomics 4,505-508. 

Hofker, M.H., Walter, M.A., Cox, D.W. (1989). Complete physical map of the human heavy chain constant region gene complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86,5567-5571. 

Honjo, T., Packman, S., Swan, D., Nau, M., Leder, P. (1974). Organization of immunoglobulin genes reiteration frequency of the mouse k chain constant region gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 3659-3663. 

Kinashi, T., Godal, T., Noma, Y., Ling, N.R., Yaoita, Y., Honjo, T. (1987). Human neoplastic B cells express more than two isotypes of immunoglobulins without deletion of heavy-chain constant-region genes. Genes Dev. 1, 465-470. 

Kindt, T.J., Gris, C., Guenet, J.L., Bonhomme, F., Cazenave, P.-A. (1985). Lambda light chain constant and variable gene complements in wild-derived inbred mouse strains. Eur. J. Immunol. 15,... 

Stiemholm, N.B.J., Verkoczy, L.K., Berinstein, N.L. (1995). Rearrangement and expression of the human /CX6 gene segment results in a surface Ig receptor with a truncated light chain constant region. J. Immunol. 154,4583-4591. 

The slope of the empirical relationship correlating substitution in toluene is 1.32. The value of b predicted by the Hammett side-chain constants is 1.7. This observation is further confirmation of the inapplicability of the Hammett cr-constants to aromatic substitution... 

The data obtained in these equilibrium studies have been treated quantitatively by Carmichael and Heffel (53) and by Brown and Slusarczuk (33), who evaluated the equilibrium data in terms of cyclization constants. The latter are identical with ring-chain constants of the type of Eq. (29) where the concentrations are expressed in mole fractions of building units. Table XI... 

These data were obtained on the a priori stipulation that the ring-ring equilibrium of Eq. (123) (due to thermodynamic reasons) must also apply to these systems and the ring-chain constants—regardless of the terminating... 

Ubol, S., Levine, B., Lee, S. H., Greenspan, N. S., and GrifSn, D. E. (1995). Roles of immunoglobulin valency and the heavy-chain constant domain in antibody-mediated downregulation of Sindbis virus replication in persistently infected neurons./ Virol. 69, 1990-1993. 

Since the overall number of peripheral chains per dendritic molecule is changed, while the lattice parameter of the Colh phases remains roughly similar, the number of dendrimers self-assembling into columns is different in order to keep the total munber of radiating chains constant as shown in Fig. 55. 

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