Constant region genes

Hieter, P.A., Hollis, G.F., Korsmeyer, S.J., Waldmann, T.A., Leder, P. (1981a). Clustered arrangement of immunoglobulin X constant region genes in man. Nature 294,536-540. 

Hofker, M.H., Walter, M.A., Cox, D.W. (1989). Complete physical map of the human heavy chain constant region gene complex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86,5567-5571. 

Honjo, T., Packman, S., Swan, D., Nau, M., Leder, P. (1974). Organization of immunoglobulin genes reiteration frequency of the mouse k chain constant region gene. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 71, 3659-3663. 

Kinashi, T., Godal, T., Noma, Y., Ling, N.R., Yaoita, Y., Honjo, T. (1987). Human neoplastic B cells express more than two isotypes of immunoglobulins without deletion of heavy-chain constant-region genes. Genes Dev. 1, 465-470. 

Lefranc, M.-P., Lefranc, G., Rabbitts, T.H. (1982). Inherited deletion of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes in normal human individuals. Nature 300,760-762. 

Rabbitts, T.H. Forster, A. (1978). Evidence for noncontiguous variable and constant region genes in both germ line and myeloma DNA. Cell 13, 319-327. 

Fig. 1. IgH locus of human and mouse. Constant region genes are indicated by closed boxes, switch regions by stippled boxes. The switch regions 5 of human al, e. and a2 are not precisely localized. In addition JH segments (vertical line with shorter lines for i/d), the D-Q52 segment ( ]) and areas that have not been overlapped (//) are indicated [11,95,96.31,32,34.35,40] (see also text).

Distances between mouse [9,10,11] and human [31,32,33,34,35,206,37] constant region genes... 

Complete sequences for all mouse CH regions including membrane exons have been compiled by Gough and Cory (1986) [142], Structural features of individual mouse as well as some human constant region genes are presented in Figs. 4, 5 and 6 and in Tables 4, 5 and 6. 

Fig. 5. Structure of the human <5 and -y3 constant region genes. Numbers indicate exons given in shaded boxes, h, hinge exon s, secretory terminus M. membrane exons [32.155].

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