Gadoleic acid

The lipid of morama beans is mainly ( 75%) unsaturated fatty acids, with the principal fatty acid being oleic acid (43%). The beans furthermore contain linoleic (22%) and palmitic acid (13%) as well as stearic, arachidic, linolenic, arachidonic, erucic, behenic, myristic, palmitoleic, and gadoleic acid in lower concentrations (Bousquet, 1982 Bower et ah, 1988 Engelter and Wehmeyer, 1970 Francis and Campbell, 2003 Ketshajwang et ah, 1998 Mitei et ah, 2008). The fatty acid composition resembles that of olive oil (Mitei et ah, 2008). A literature review of the fatty acid composition of morama beans is given in Table 5.3. Less than 5% of the fatty acids are present as free acids (Bower et ah, 1988 Dubois et ah, 1995), which means that the activity of lipases is negligible in dry morama beans. 

Fig. 1.13. Separation of a product of partial transesterificaiion of rapeseed oil with methanol using combined RPC and NARPC gradient elution. Column Separon SGX Cm, 7 pm, 150 x 3 mm i.d. Ternary gradient from 30% A + 70% B to 100% B in lO min and to 50% B -t- 507r C in 20 min. followed by isocratic elution with the final mobile phase composition for 5 min, at I ml/min. Injection volume 10 pi. UV detection at 205 nm. Notation of sample compounds Ln. L, O and G are used for linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid, gadoleic acid, respectively, and for their acid parts in mono-, di- aixl tri-acylglycerols and methyl esters Me means methyl in methyl esters.

Decyl ketene dimer Tetradecyl ketene dimer Octadecyl ketene dimer Docosyl ketene dimer Phenyl ketene dimer Cyclohexyl ketene dimer Naphthenic acid ketene dimer 10-Dodecylenic acid ketene dimer Oleic acid ketene dimer Petroselinic acid ketene dimer Linoleic acid ketene dimer Eleostearic acid ketene dimer Parinaric acid ketene dimer Gadoleic acid ketene dimer Cetoleic acid ketene dimer Selacholeic acid ketene dimer Babassu oil ketene dimer Palm oil ketene dimer Peanut oil ketene dimer Beef tallow ketene dimer... 

FucosteroI, in S-00007 Gadelaidic acid, in 1-00046 Gadoleic acid, in 1-00046 7V-[l-[(/3-D-GaIactopyranosyIoxy)methyI]-... 

Gadoleic acid (C20H38O2), a fatty acid that can be isolated from cod-liver oil, can be cleaved by hydroxylation and subsequent treatment with periodic acid to CH3(CH2)9CHO and 0HC(CH2)7C02H. (a) What two stereoisomeric structures are possible for gadoleic acid (b) What spectroscopic technique would make possible a decision as to the actual structure of gadoleic acid (c) What peaks would... 

Gadoleic acid n. CH3(CH2)gCH=CH(CH2)7 CO OH. Fatty acid from marine oils. 

DDG, diacyldigalactosylglycerol DGG, diacylgalactosylglycerol NL, total neutral lipids, PL, total phospholipids SL, sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol TAG, triacylglycerol 16 0, palmitic acid 16 l-t, Aj-trans-hexadecenoic acid 18 0, stearic acid 18 1, A9-cis-octadecenoic acid, oleic acid 18 2, A9 ij-cis-octadecadienoic acid, linoleic acid 18 3, A9, 2,i5-cis-octadecatrienoic acid, a-linolenic acid 20 1, An-cis-eicosenoic acid, gadoleic acid. 

Figure 1. Score plot (a) and loading plot (b) of principal component analysis applied to the data set of fatty acid composition of fruit from the olive obtained from arbequina cultivar as affected by the different irrigation regimes and two maturation stages. Tl, 50% Etc T2, 75% Etc T3, 100% Etc MI, Maturation I Mil, Maturation II CI6 0, palmitic acid C16 l, pahnitoleic acid C17 0, margaric acid C17 l, margaroleic acid C18 0, stearic acid C18 l, oleic acid C18 2, linoleic acid C18 3, linolenic acid C20 0, arachidic acid C20 1, gadoleic acid C22 0, behenic acid, C22 1, erucic acid and C24 0, lignoceric acid SFA, saturated fatty acids UFA, unsaturated fatty acid UFA/SFA, ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids, MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids O/L, Oleic/Linoleic ratio.

Eruca sativa, also known as Rocket or arugula, is usually used as a salad component, but there is interest in using it as a lubricant or biodiesel crop (Li et al., 2009). The seeds contain approximately 45% erucic acid and about 9% gadoleic acid (C20 l) (Lazzeri et al., 2004). Plantlet regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (Chen et al., 2011), protoplast culture (Sikdar et al., 1987), and... 

Some natural edible oils contain, in addition to the widely occurring monounsaturated fatty acid, oleic acid, appreciable quantities of monounsaturated acids with 20 or 22 carbon atoms. Biochemically, these are usually formed by elongation of oleic acid, so that the double bonds are in positions 11 and 13 respectively. Examples are gadoleic acid cis-11-20 1) in certain fish oils and erucic acid (cw-13-22 l. Table 3.2), characteristic of seed oils in the plant family Cruciferae. Herring oil also... 

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