Cereus subtilis

Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) Bacillus cereus, subtilis Clostridium perfringens... 

However, to date, no AMA studies have been conducted against spore-forming microorganisms. It is very important to search for a compound having action on the development of such organisms as Bacillus subtilis and B. cereus, since these microorganisms are able to withstand pasteurization conditions and contain hydrolytic enzymes, which generate off-flavor in the food. 

Mycobacteria are more resistant than other non-sporulating bacteria to a wide range of biocides. Examples of such organisms axe Mycobacterium tuberculosis, theM avium-intracellulare (MAI) group andM. chelonae (M. chelonei). Of the bacteria, however, the most resistant of all to biocides are bacterial spores, e.g. Bacillus subtilis, B. cereus. 

Black, G. E. Snyder, A. Heroux, K. Chemotaxonomic differentiation between the Bacillus cereus group and Bacillus subtilis by phospholipid extracts analyzed with electospray tandem mass spectrometry. J. Microbiol. Meth. 1997, 28, 187-190. 

Wunschel, D. K. Fox, K. Black, G. Fox, A. Discrimination among the Bacillus cereus group, in comparison to B. subtilis, by structural carbohydrate profiles and ribosomal RNA spacer region PCR System. Appl. Microbiol. 1994,17, 625-635. 

An electron microscopy study by Mullen et al. (1989) showed that Cd2+, Cu2+ and La3+ accumulated on the cell surface of Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa as needle-like, crystalline precipitates, while Ag+ precipitated as discrete colloidal aggregates at the cell surface and occasionally in the cytoplasm. The needle-like and hexagonal precipitates were also found for the biosorption of Ni2+ on the cell surface of P. fluorescens 4F39 at pH 9 and it was suggested as a microprecipitation process that followed on ion exchange (Lopez et al. 2000). 

P, mendocina, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, and B. cereus adsorbed more Cd, Co, and Pb after exposure to acidic solutions than the corresponding unexposed cells. The increase in sorption following acid treatment was attributed to the irreversible displacement of structurally bound Mg and Ca by protons. The protonated sites can participate in reversible metal sorption reactions. 

Mullen et al. (1989) reported that Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were able to sorb an average of 89% of the total Ag+ and 12-27% of the total Cd2+, Cu2+ and La3+ from a ImM solution. Using polyacrylamide-entrapped cells of Brevibacterium sp strain PBZ, Simine et al. (1998) measured a sorption capacity of 40 mg g-1 and 13 mg g-1 dry biomass for Pb and Cd, respectively. Hall et al. (2001) isolated two bacterial strains of P. syringae that were tolerant to 1000 mg L-1 Cu. Similarly, Amoroso et al. (2001) were able to obtain Streptomyces spp. strains R22 and R25 with a high tolerance to Cr from sediments of the Sail River, Argentina. The cells of R22 and R25 could accumulate 10.0 and 5.6 mg Cr g-1 dry weight, respectively, from a concentration of 50 mg Cr mL 1. Cell fractionation studies with strain R22 showed that most of the chromium... 

The Langmuir and Freundlich equations have often been employed to model the sorption of metal ions by bacteria. Mullen et al. (1989) used the Freundlich isotherm to describe the sorption of Cd and Cu by B. cereus, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. aeruginosa over the concentration range of 0.001-lmM. The respective values of the Freundlich constant (Kf) indicated that E. coli was most efficient at sorbing Cd2+ and Cu2+. 

E.T. Arakawa, N.V. Lavrik and P.G. Datskos, Detection of anthrax stimulants with microcalorimetric spectroscopy Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus spores, Appl. Opt., 42 (2003) 1757-1762. 

In addition to these carbazole alkaloids, isomers of glycozoline and giiinimbine were tested against various microbes and found to be active against S. aureus (446). Some aminoacyl carbazoles were found to be active against B. subtilis (ICC-Strain) and B. cereus (NRRL-B-569) (447). 

The basic microbial inhibition assay format involves a standard culture of a test organism, usually Bacillus stearothermophilus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus megatherium, or Strepto-793... 

In the six-plate test, the sample is brought in a punch hole or a paper disc on each of the six test plates that have been inoculated with Bacillus cereus. Bacillus subtilis (pH 6), Bacillus subtilis (pH 8), Sarcina lutea, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus stearothermophilus, respectively (33). Once the samples have been introduced, the plates are incubated for the required time at the required temperature. If, on one of the plates, a zone of inhibition of 1.0 mm is observed around the disks or holes, the result of the test is considered positive, provided that interferences have been excluded. 

Slime formers Aerobic, capsulated, gram-negative bacilli, Pseudomonas sp. (such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Aerobacter sp. (also known as Enterobacter or Klebsiella), Bacillus sp. (such as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus), Flavobacterium sp., Proteus vulgaris, Serratia sp., and Alcaligenes sp. 

H Suginaka, PM Blumberg, JL Strominger. Multiple penicillin-binding components in Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli. J Biol Chem 247 5279-5288, 1972. 

Aspergillus niger Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis E. coli, Kluyvera citrophila Bacillus subtilis, Clostridium,... 

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