Cerebral blood flow volume

Rempp KA, Brix G, Wenz F, Becker CR, Guckel F, Lorenz WJ. Quantification of regional cerebral blood flow and volume with dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MR imaging. Radiology 1994 193 637-641. 

Sorensen AG, Copen WA, 0stergaard L, Buonanno FS, Gonzalez RG, Rordorf G, Rosen BR, Schwamm LH, Weisskoff RM, Koroshetz WJ. Hyperacute stroke simultaneous measurement of relative cerebral blood volume, relative cerebral blood flow, and mean tissue transit time. Radiology 1999 210 519-527. 

Perlmutter JS, Powers WJ, Herscovitch R Fox PT, Raichle ME. Regional asymmetries of cerebral blood flow, blood volume, and oxygen utilization and extraction in normal subjects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1987 7 64-67. 

Grandin CB, Duprez TP, Smith AM, Mataigne F, Peeters A, Oppenheim C, Cosnard G. Usefulness of magnetic resonance-derived quantitative measurements of cerebral blood flow and volume in prediction of infarct growth in hyperacute stroke. Stroke. 2001 32 1147-1153. 

Therapy is directed at reducing whole blood viscosity where this is signiflcantly raised. Small volume venesections, in which 250 ml as opposed to 500 ml of whole blood, are carried out at 2- or 3-week intervals. It should be noted that studies have demonstrated impairment of cerebral blood flow and a shortened survival in these individuals so that such intervention is appropriate in the severe cases. 

Cholecystokinin is the most widespread and abundant peptide in the brain, with only the mature cerebellum possibly devoid of representation. Interest in this peptide also stems from its potency, prominent colocalization with dopamine, nonsynaptic associations influencing neuronal excitability and cerebral blood flow, and putative links to several neuropsychiatric disorders [Rehfeld 1992a, 1992b). [A detailed account of this peptide is given in Bradwejn et al.. Chapter 27, in this volume.)... 

Yoshii, F., Barker, W.W., Chang, J.Y., Loewenstein, D.. Apicella, A., Smith, D.. et al. Sensitivity of cerebral glucose metabolism to age, gender, brain volume, brain atrophy, and cerebrovascular risk factors. J. Cerebr. Blood Flow Metab. 8(5), 654-661, 1988. 

Inhaled anesthetics decrease the metabolic rate of the brain. Nevertheless, the more soluble volatile agents increase cerebral blood flow because they decrease cerebral vascular resistance. The increase in cerebral blood flow is clinically undesirable in patients who have increased intracranial pressure because of a brain tumor or head injury. Volatile anesthetic-induced increases in cerebral blood flow increase cerebral blood volume and further increase intracranial pressure. 

Other current applications of Ir-191m angiography include diagnosis of congenital circulatory defects (i.e., tetrology of Fallot) and vena caval obstruction. Potential applications that remain to be explored include measurement of ventricular volume, renal perfusion, cerebral blood flow, and evaluation of blood flow to tumors and organs by selective arterial infusion. 

Cerebral metabolism and oxygen utilization are decreased after thiopental administration in proportion to the degree of cerebral depression. Cerebral blood flow is also decreased, but much less so than oxygen consumption. This makes thiopental a desirable drug for use in patients with cerebral swelling (eg, head trauma, brain tumors), since intracranial pressure and blood volume are not increased (in contrast to the volatile anesthetics). 

Neuroimaging technique for measuring cerebral blood flow, cerebral blood volume, metabolic rate, oxygen utilization and the oxygen extraction volume. 

The longer the neurological deficit lasts and the later in the course of the stroke symptoms CT or DWI are performed, the higher the likelihood of a positive finding. Moderate decreases of cerebral perfusion as defined by increased relative mean transit times (rMTT), decreased relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) but normal relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) are typically found in DWI negative TIA or stroke patients (Ay et al. 1999b). 

Kollmar R., Frietsch T., Georgiadis D., et al. (2002) Early effects of acid-base management during hypothermia on cerebral infarct volume, edema, and cerebral blood flow in acute focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Anesthesiology 97, 868-874. 

It follows from the above that the ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral blood volume is a measure of cerebral perfusion reserve (Schumann et al. 1998). Below a ratio of approximately 6.0, even if cerebral blood flow is still normal, vasodilatation and cerebral blood volume are maximal and the reserve is exhausted, as shown by a rising oxygen extraction fraction on PET. 

Schumann P, Touzani O, Young AR et al. (1998). Evaluation of the ratio of cerebral blood flow to cerebral blood volume as an index of local cerebral perfusion pressure. Brain 121 1369-1379... 

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