Ceratocystis minor

The presumed biosynthetic precursor of 6-methoxymellein, 6-hydroxymellein (10), has also been isolated from carrot roots stored under stress (ref.32). This compound was first isolated from a mutant of Aspergillus terreus (ref.42) and subsequently has been found in the bar)c of Tabebuia avellanedae (ref. 43) and produced by the fungi Pyricularla oryzae (ref. 44) and Ceratocystis minor (ref.45). Recently, the ( + )-6-hydroxymellein isomer has been isolated from the flowers of Cassia siamea (ref.46) and from a fungus of the genus Discula (ref.47). 

BARRAS, S.J., Antagonism between Dendroctonus frontalis and the fungus Ceratocystis minor, Ann. Entomol. Soc. Amer., 1970, 63, 1187-1190. 

COOK, S.P., HAfN, F.P., Defensive mechanisms of loblolly and shortleaf pine against attack by southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmerman, and its fungal associate, Ceratocystis minor (Hedgecock) Hunt, J. Chem. Ecol, 1986, 12, 1397-1406. 

Ayer, W.A., S.K. Attah-Poku, L.M. Browne, and H. Orszanska The chemistry of the blue stain fungi. Part. 3. Some metabolites of Ceratocystis minor (Hedgcock) Hunt. Canad. J. Chem. 65, 765 (1987). 

Hemingway R W, McGraw G W, Barras S J 1977 Polyphenols in Ceratocystis minor infected Pinus taeda Fungal metabolites, phloem and xylem phenols. J Agr Food Chem 25 717-722... 

Caulocystis cephalornthes Cephalosporum sp. Cercospora scirpicola Cercospora taiwanensis Ceratocystis fimbriata Ceratocystis minor Ceratocystis ulmi Chlorociboria aeruginosa Chloroplenium aeruginosum Cladosporium cladosporioides Cornitermes spp. 

Hemingway, R.W., G.W. McGraw, and S.J. Barras Polyphenols in Ceratocystis minor infected Pinus taeda Fungal Metabolites, Phloem and Xylem Phenols. J. Agric. Food Chem. 25, 717 (1977). 

McGraw, G.W., and R.W. Hemmingway 6,8-Dihydroxy-3-methylisocoumarin and Other Phenolic Metabolites of Ceratocystis minor. Phytochem. 16, 1315 (1977). 

Barras, S. J., and J. J. Taylor Varietal Ceratocystis minor identification from mycangium of Dendroctonus frontalis. Mycopath. Mycol. Applic. 50, 293—305 (1973). 

The blue stain disease of conifers causes the death of more than 40 million trees a year in Western Canada where the mountain pine beetle is the vector of the disease. The microflora associated with the mountain pine beetle consists of several species of yeasts and mycelial fungi. Four species of the genus Ceratocystis have consistently been isolated from stained conifer wood C. clavigera, C. huntii, C. ips, and C. minor. Fungi of this genus are also responsible for the oak wilt and Dutch elm diseases (9). 

De novo synthesis of umbeUiferone as well as its glucoside skimmin, scopole-tin/scopolin, and aeculetin in sweet potato (/. batatas) roots/tubers attacked by the black rot fungus, Ceratocystis fimbriata, was reported by Minamikawa et al. (1964). Thus, these coumarins are not only constitutive components of this plant but also phytoalexins. However, they play a minor role in contrast to certain ses-quiterpenoid phytoalexins which are also synthesized in such a situation (see Sect. 7.3). I. tricolor cv. heavenly blue was found to accumulate rapidly scopoletin and scopolin after interaction with a non-pathogenic isolate of the fungus Fusarium oxysporum (Shimizu et al. 2004). 

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