Ceratocystis

In dimorphic fungi, the composition of constituent polysaccharides is sensitive to morphology and to the cultural conditions. These effects are accentuated in the case of Sporothrix schenckii, and 13C-n.m.r. spectroscopy can be used to detect individual polysaccharides in a qualitative way. The 13C-n.m.r. spectra of mannose-containing polysaccharides of ten Sporothrix schenckii and three Ceratocystis stenoceras species, grown under various conditions, were distinguishable in terms of the presence of signals,130 at 8C 103.3 to 103.7, which arose from 0-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(l- 2)-0-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1— 3)-side-chains (14 C-l, 103.7 C-l, 96.8), and were not present in... 

Fig. 20.—l3C-N.m.r. Spectra of Glucosyluronorharrmomannan of Ceratocystis steno-ceras (A), and the Acid-Degraded Product Lacking Rhamnosyl End-Units (B). Solvent, D20 temperature, 70° chemical shifts expressed as 8C, relative to external tetramethyl-silane.)... 

Isolated from the fungi Ceratocystis [2], Pyricularia oryzae [5], Plectophomella. 

From rate and product studies with xylooligosaccharides it was concluded that a xylanase from Ceratocystis paradoxa requires a chain of at least five xylose residues for rapid binding and subsequent hydrolysis (18). The catalytic site is assumed to be situated asymmetrically within a row of the five binding subsites. Similar studies on a cellulase from Aspergillus niger also suggest the presence of five binding subsites (14). 

P.S. Russo, F.D. Blum, J.D. Ipsen, Y.J. Abul-Hajj and W.G. Miller, Solubility and surface activity of the Ceratocystis ulmi toxin cerato-ulmin, Physiol. Plant Path. 19 (1981) 113-126. 

S. Takai and W.C. Richards, Cerato-ulmin, a wilting toxin of Ceratocystis-ulmi, Isolation and some properties of cerato-ulmin from culture of C.-ulmi, Phytopath. Z. 91 (1978) 129-146. 

Semiochemical-mediated flight responses of sap beetle vectors of oak wilt, Ceratocystis fagacearum. J. Chem. Ecol., 28,1527-1547. 

The pathogenic fungus Ceratocystis ulmi (C. ulmi), responsible for Dutch elm disease, causes a blockade in the vascular tissue that can lead to the eventual death of the... 

According to infrared (i.r.) studies,43 both cellulose and chitin occur in the cell walls of Ceratocystis olivacea. Based on cytochemical and X-ray data, cellulose occurs in the cell walls of 31 of 47 species of Ceratocystis, and in 4 species of Europhium.44 Convincing i.r. evidence was obtained for the presence of cellulose in the cell walls of Europhium aureum,4 already examined by the X-ray technique. 

Summerbell RC, Kane J, Krajden S, Duke EE Medically important species and related ophiostomatoid fungi in Wingfield MJ, Seifert KA, Webber JF (eds) Ceratocystis and Ophiostoma Taxonomy, Ecology, and Pathology. St Paul, American Phytopathological Society, 1993, pp 185-192. 

The molecular weights of D-xylanase preparations of different origins (see Table XXII), like those of the other hemicellulases (see Sections II, III, and IV), are relatively low, ranging from 16,000 to 38,000. The pi values reported for several D-xylanases are also shown in Table XXII, and, with the exception of the Ceratocystis paradoxa D-xylanase I (Ref. 228) (pi 9.17), are mainly acid gly-canases. 

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